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In this paper, we investigate the use of data obtained from prompting a large generative language model, ChatGPT, to generate synthetic training data with the aim of augmenting data in low resource scenarios. We show that with appropriate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Solomon Ubani , Suleyman Olcay Polat , Rodney Nielsen

Large language models are typically trained densely: all parameters are updated with respect to all inputs. This requires synchronization of billions of parameters across thousands of GPUs. We introduce a simple but effective method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Suchin Gururangan , Margaret Li , Mike Lewis , Weijia Shi , Tim Althoff , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

In this paper we share findings from our effort to build practical machine translation (MT) systems capable of translating across over one thousand languages. We describe results in three research domains: (i) Building clean, web-mined…

The development of language models have moved from encoder-decoder to decoder-only designs. In addition, we observe that the two most popular multimodal tasks, the generative and contrastive tasks, are nontrivial to accommodate in one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Weicheng Kuo , AJ Piergiovanni , Dahun Kim , Xiyang Luo , Ben Caine , Wei Li , Abhijit Ogale , Luowei Zhou , Andrew Dai , Zhifeng Chen , Claire Cui , Anelia Angelova

With increasing scale, large language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative capabilities, especially as zero-shot learners, like GPT-3. However, these results rely heavily on delicate prompt design and large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Jingjing Xu , Qingxiu Dong , Hongyi Liu , Lei Li

Monolingual data, being readily available in large quantities, has been used to upscale the scarcely available parallel data to train better models for automatic translation. Self-learning, where a model is made to learn from its output, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Idris Abdulmumin , Bashir Shehu Galadanci , Garba Aliyu , Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad

Given the growing importance of AI literacy, we decided to write this tutorial to help narrow the gap between the discourse among those who study language models -- the core technology underlying ChatGPT and similar products -- and those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Sofia Serrano , Zander Brumbaugh , Noah A. Smith

While neural machine translation (NMT) has become the new paradigm, the parameter optimization requires large-scale parallel data which is scarce in many domains and language pairs. In this paper, we address a new translation scenario in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Yining Wang , Yang Zhao , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong , Zhengshan Xue

Language Model pre-training uses broad data mixtures to enhance performance across domains and languages. However, training on such heterogeneous text corpora requires extensive and expensive efforts. Since these data sources vary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Alex Iacob , Lorenzo Sani , Meghdad Kurmanji , William F. Shen , Xinchi Qiu , Dongqi Cai , Yan Gao , Nicholas D. Lane

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant disparities in performance across languages, primarily benefiting high-resource languages while marginalizing underrepresented ones. Continual Pretraining (CPT) has emerged as a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Hengyu Luo , Jörg Tiedemann

Domain adaptive pretraining, i.e. the continued unsupervised pretraining of a language model on domain-specific text, improves the modelling of text for downstream tasks within the domain. Numerous real-world applications are based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Rasmus Kær Jørgensen , Mareike Hartmann , Xiang Dai , Desmond Elliott

Open source large language models (LLMs) have shown great improvements in recent times. However, many of these models are focused solely on popular spoken languages. We present a high quality dataset of more than 70k prompt-response pairs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Peter Devine

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly multilingual, yet open models continue to underperform relative to proprietary systems, with the gap most pronounced for African languages. Continued pre-training (CPT) offers a practical route…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Hao Yu , Tianyi Xu , Michael A. Hedderich , Wassim Hamidouche , Syed Waqas Zamir , David Ifeoluwa Adelani

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in tasks such as machine translation, text summarization, question answering, and solving complex mathematical problems. However, their primary training on data-rich languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Metehan Oğuz , Yusuf Umut Ciftci , Yavuz Faruk Bakman

Achieving universal translation between all human language pairs is the holy-grail of machine translation (MT) research. While recent progress in massively multilingual MT is one step closer to reaching this goal, it is becoming evident…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Aditya Siddhant , Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat , Yuan Cao , Mia Xu Chen , Isaac Caswell , Xavier Garcia

The pretraining of state-of-the-art large language models now requires trillions of words of text, which is orders of magnitude more than available for the vast majority of languages. While including text in more than one language is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Risto Luukkonen , Jonathan Burdge , Elaine Zosa , Aarne Talman , Ville Komulainen , Väinö Hatanpää , Peter Sarlin , Sampo Pyysalo

Large-scale Pretrained Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT4, have shown strong abilities in multilingual translations, without being explicitly trained on parallel corpora. It is interesting how the LLMs obtain their ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jiahuan Li , Hao Zhou , Shujian Huang , Shanbo Cheng , Jiajun Chen

Pretrained language models based on the Transformer architecture have achieved state-of-the-art results in various natural language processing tasks such as part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, and question answering. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 B. Mansurov , A. Mansurov

Large language models respond well in high-resource languages like English but struggle in low-resource languages. It may arise from the lack of high-quality instruction following data in these languages. Directly translating English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chong Li , Wen Yang , Jiajun Zhang , Jinliang Lu , Shaonan Wang , Chengqing Zong

Natural language processing is a branch of computer science that combines artificial intelligence with linguistics. It aims to analyze a language element such as writing or speaking with software and convert it into information. Considering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Kadir Tohma , Yakup Kutlu