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Large language models have gained significant popularity because of their ability to generate human-like text and potential applications in various fields, such as Software Engineering. Large language models for code are commonly trained on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Ali Al-Kaswan , Maliheh Izadi , Arie van Deursen

Why do we build local large language models (LLMs)? What should a local LLM learn from the target language? Which abilities can be transferred from other languages? Do language-specific scaling laws exist? To explore these research…

Despite the widespread adoption, there is a lack of research into how various critical aspects of pretrained language models (PLMs) affect their performance in hate speech detection. Through five research questions, our findings and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Sarah Masud , Mohammad Aflah Khan , Vikram Goyal , Md Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Neural models that do not rely on pre-training have excelled in the keyphrase generation task with large annotated datasets. Meanwhile, new approaches have incorporated pre-trained language models (PLMs) for their data efficiency. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Di Wu , Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Kai-Wei Chang

Studying data memorization in neural language models helps us understand the risks (e.g., to privacy or copyright) associated with models regurgitating training data and aids in the development of countermeasures. Many prior works -- and…

The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have expanded beyond natural language processing to scientific prediction tasks, including molecular property prediction. However, their effectiveness in in-context learning remains…

It has become common to publish large (billion parameter) language models that have been trained on private datasets. This paper demonstrates that in such settings, an adversary can perform a training data extraction attack to recover…

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity due to their ability to generate human-like text and their potential applications in various fields, such as Software Engineering. LLMs for Code are commonly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Ali Al-Kaswan , Maliheh Izadi

The rapid advancement of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has demonstrated promising results for various code-related tasks. However, their effectiveness in detecting real-world vulnerabilities remains a critical challenge. While existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Youpeng Li , Weiliang Qi , Xuyu Wang , Fuxun Yu , Xinda Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly central to recommendation scenarios due to their remarkable natural language understanding and generation capabilities. Although significant research has explored the use of LLMs for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Dario Di Palma , Felice Antonio Merra , Maurizio Sfilio , Vito Walter Anelli , Fedelucio Narducci , Tommaso Di Noia

The rapid advancement of large language models, such as the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) series, has had significant implications across various disciplines. In this study, we investigate the potential of the state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yunhao Yang , Anshul Tomar

Large language models (LLMs) can struggle to memorize factual knowledge in their parameters, often leading to hallucinations and poor performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. In this paper, we formalize fact memorization from an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiayuan Ye , Vitaly Feldman , Kunal Talwar

Machine learning models exhibit two seemingly contradictory phenomena: training data memorization, and various forms of forgetting. In memorization, models overfit specific training examples and become susceptible to privacy attacks. In…

Despite the recent observation that large language models (LLMs) can store substantial factual knowledge, there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms of how they acquire factual knowledge through pretraining. This work addresses this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Hoyeon Chang , Jinho Park , Seonghyeon Ye , Sohee Yang , Youngkyung Seo , Du-Seong Chang , Minjoon Seo

Large language models are shown to memorize privacy information such as social security numbers in training data. Given the sheer scale of the training corpus, it is challenging to screen and filter these privacy data, either manually or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Xuandong Zhao , Lei Li , Yu-Xiang Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made remarkable progress in document-based Visual Question Answering (i.e., responding to queries about the contents of an input document provided as an image). In this work, we show these models can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Francesco Pinto , Nathalie Rauschmayr , Florian Tramèr , Philip Torr , Federico Tombari

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, particularly in low-resource settings. Nevertheless, their potential in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Aravind Krishnan , Jesujoba Alabi , Dietrich Klakow

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to memorize portions of their training data, sometimes even reproduce content verbatim when prompted appropriately. Despite substantial interest, existing LLM memorization research has offered limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yizhan Huang , Zhe Yang , Meifang Chen , Huang Nianchen , Jianping Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

The wide adoption and application of Masked language models~(MLMs) on sensitive data (from legal to medical) necessitates a thorough quantitative investigation into their privacy vulnerabilities -- to what extent do MLMs leak information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah , Kartik Goyal , Archit Uniyal , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Reza Shokri

Large Language Models (LLMs) memorize, and thus, among huge amounts of uncontrolled data, may memorize Personally Identifiable Information (PII), which should not be stored and, consequently, not leaked. In this paper, we introduce Private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Giancarlo A. Xompero , Davide Venditti , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto