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Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are increasingly leveraged for generating both traditional software code and spreadsheet logic. Despite their impressive generative capabilities, these models frequently exhibit critical issues…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Simon Thorne , Advait Sarkar

The recent advancements of Small Language Models (SLMs) have opened new possibilities for efficient code generation. SLMs offer lightweight and cost-effective alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), making them attractive for use in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Mahade Hasan , Muhammad Waseem , Kai-Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Juha Ala-Rantala , Pekka Abrahamsson

The automation of code review has been tackled by several researchers with the goal of reducing its cost. The adoption of deep learning in software engineering pushed the automation to new boundaries, with techniques imitating developers in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Rosalia Tufano , Ozren Dabić , Antonio Mastropaolo , Matteo Ciniselli , Gabriele Bavota

In this paper, we assess the efficacy of ChatGPT (version Feb 2023), a large-scale language model, in solving probability problems typically presented in introductory computer engineering exams. Our study comprised a set of 23 probability…

Large language models (LLMs) have undergone rapid evolution and achieved remarkable results in recent times. OpenAI's ChatGPT, backed by GPT-3.5 or GPT-4, has gained instant popularity due to its strong capability across a wide range of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Fangzhou Wu , Qingzhao Zhang , Ati Priya Bajaj , Tiffany Bao , Ning Zhang , Ruoyu "Fish" Wang , Chaowei Xiao

Smart contracts have transformed decentralized finance, but flaws in their logic still create major security threats. Most existing vulnerability detection techniques focus on well-supported languages like Solidity, while low-resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Minghao Hu , Qiang Zeng , Lannan Luo

ChatGPT has shown strong capabilities in natural language generation tasks, which naturally leads researchers to explore where its abilities end. In this paper, we examine whether ChatGPT can be used for zero-shot text classification, more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Taja Kuzman , Igor Mozetič , Nikola Ljubešić

This article presents a comparative analysis of the ability of two large language model (LLM)-based chatbots, ChatGPT and Bing Chat, recently rebranded to Microsoft Copilot, to detect veracity of political information. We use AI auditing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Elizaveta Kuznetsova , Mykola Makhortykh , Victoria Vziatysheva , Martha Stolze , Ani Baghumyan , Aleksandra Urman

Historically lower-level tasks such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speaker identification are the main focus in the speech field. Interest has been growing in higher-level spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks recently, like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Lin Yao , Jianfei Song , Ruizhuo Xu , Yingfang Yang , Zijian Chen , Yafeng Deng

Recent research highlights the significant potential of ChatGPT for text annotation in social science research. However, ChatGPT is a closed-source product which has major drawbacks with regards to transparency, reproducibility, cost, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Ross Deans Kristensen-McLachlan , Miceal Canavan , Márton Kardos , Mia Jacobsen , Lene Aarøe

Purpose: In the field of vulnerability repair, previous research has leveraged pretrained models and LLM-based prompt engineering, among which LLM-based approaches show better generalizability and achieve the best performance. However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ruoke Wang , Zongjie Li , Cuiyun Gao , Chaozheng Wang , Yang Xiao , Xuan Wang

Qualitative research, renowned for its in-depth exploration of complex phenomena, often involves time-intensive analysis, particularly during the coding stage. Existing software for qualitative evaluation frequently lacks automatic coding…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-23 He Zhang , Chuhao Wu , Jingyi Xie , Fiona Rubino , Sydney Graver , ChanMin Kim , John M. Carroll , Jie Cai

The widespread availability of large language models (LLMs) has changed how students engage with coding and problem-solving. While these tools may increase student productivity, they also make it more difficult for instructors to assess…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yufan Zhang , Jaromir Savelka , Seth Copen Goldstein , Michael Conway

Detecting security vulnerabilities in software before they are exploited has been a challenging problem for decades. Traditional code analysis methods have been proposed, but are often ineffective and inefficient. In this work, we model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Noah Ziems , Shaoen Wu

Large vision-language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4 have achieved unprecedented performance in response generation, especially with visual inputs, enabling more creative and adaptable interaction than large language models such as ChatGPT.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yunqing Zhao , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Xiao Yang , Chongxuan Li , Ngai-Man Cheung , Min Lin

Wide usage of ChatGPT has highlighted the potential of reinforcement learning from human feedback. However, its training pipeline relies on manual ranking, a resource-intensive process. To reduce labor costs, we propose a self-supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shuo Yang , Gjergji Kasneci

Sonatype's 2023 report found that 97% of developers and security leads integrate generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), into their development process. Concerns about the security implications of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Sivana Hamer , Marcelo d'Amorim , Laurie Williams

We conduct an empirical study of neural machine translation (NMT) for truly low-resource languages, and propose a training curriculum fit for cases when both parallel training data and compute resource are lacking, reflecting the reality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Garry Kuwanto , Afra Feyza Akyürek , Isidora Chara Tourni , Siyang Li , Alexander Gregory Jones , Derry Wijaya

This work proposes a training-free approach for the detection of LLMs-generated codes, mitigating the risks associated with their indiscriminate usage. To the best of our knowledge, our research is the first to investigate zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xianjun Yang , Kexun Zhang , Haifeng Chen , Linda Petzold , William Yang Wang , Wei Cheng

There is an increasing trend to mine vulnerabilities from software repositories and use machine learning techniques to automatically detect software vulnerabilities. A fundamental but unresolved research question is: how do different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Esma Mouine , Yan Liu , Lu Xiao , Rick Kazman , Xiao Wang