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The Rezzolla-Zhidenko (RZ) and Konoplya-Rezzolla-Zhidenko (KRZ) frameworks provide an efficient approach to characterize agnostically spherically symmetric or stationary black-hole spacetimes in arbitrary metric theories. In their original…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-19 Yixuan Ma , Luciano Rezzolla

The Rezzolla-Zhidenko (RZ) framework provides an efficient approach to characterize spherically symmetric black-hole spacetimes in arbitrary metric theories of gravity using a small number of variables [L. Rezzolla and A. Zhidenko, Phys.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-30 Prashant Kocherlakota , Luciano Rezzolla

X-ray reflection spectroscopy is a promising technique for testing general relativity in the strong field regime, as it can be used to test the Kerr black hole hypothesis. In this context, the parametrically deformed black hole metrics…

We use the continued fraction method to determine the eigenfrequencies associated with a scalar field around a Kerr-like black hole. The Kerr-like metric considered in this article is a subclass of the general parametrization of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-27 Pedro Henrique Croti Siqueira , Maurício Richartz

Following previous work of ours in spherical symmetry, we here propose a new parametric framework to describe the spacetime of axisymmetric black holes in generic metric theories of gravity. In this case, the metric components are functions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-11 Roman Konoplya , Luciano Rezzolla , Alexander Zhidenko

A covariant, scalar-tensor gravity is constructed such that the static, spherically symmetric Rezzolla-Zhidenko metric is an exact solution to the theory. The equations describing gravitational perturbations of this spacetime, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-24 Arthur G. Suvorov , Sebastian H. Völkel

A key obstacle for theory-specific tests of general relativity is the lack of accurate black-hole solutions in beyond-Einstein theories, especially for moderate to high spins. We address this by developing a general framework--based on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-19 Kelvin Ka-Ho Lam , Adrian Ka-Wai Chung , Nicolás Yunes

In this Letter, we have developed a numerically efficient framework for evaluating parameters in metric theories of gravity, and applied it to constrain the horizon-scale magnetic field in the Kerr-Bertotti-Robinson (Kerr-BR) spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-26 Wentao Liu , Yang Liu , Di Wu , Yu-Xiao Liu

The spacetime geometry around astrophysical black holes is supposed to be well approximated by the Kerr metric, but deviations from the Kerr solution are predicted in a number of scenarios involving new physics. Broad iron K$\alpha$ lines…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-09-12 Yueying Ni , Jiachen Jiang , Cosimo Bambi

Here we have developed the general parametrization for spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat black-hole spacetimes in an arbitrary metric theory of gravity. The parametrization is similar in spirit to the parametrized post-Newtonian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-26 Roman A. Konoplya , Thomas D. Pappas , Zdenek Stuchlík

We propose a new parametric framework to describe in generic metric theories of gravity the spacetime of spherically symmetric and slowly rotating black holes. In contrast to similar approaches proposed so far, we do not use a Taylor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-10-09 Luciano Rezzolla , Alexander Zhidenko

Parameterized Kerr spacetimes allow us to test the nature of black holes in model-independent ways. Such spacetimes contain several arbitrary functions and, as a matter of practicality, one Taylor expands them about infinity and keeps only…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-22 Kent Yagi , Samantha Lomuscio , Tristen Lowrey , Zack Carson

X-ray reflection spectroscopy is a powerful technique for probing the nature of gravity around black holes in the so-called strong field regime. One of the most popular of such probes is to look at theory-agnostic deviations away from the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-27 Askar B. Abdikamalov , Dimitry Ayzenberg , Cosimo Bambi , Sourabh Nampalliwar , Ashutosh Tripathi

In this work we study whether parametrized spherically symmetric black hole solutions in metric theories of gravity can appear to be isospectral when studying perturbations. From a theory agnostic point of view, the test scalar field wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-04 Sebastian H. Völkel , Kostas D. Kokkotas

We study the phenomenon of spontaneous scalarization in parameterized Schwarzschild-like black holes. Two metrics are considered, the Konoplya-Zhidenko metric and the Johannsen-Psaltis metric. While these metrics can mimic the Schwarzschild…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-21 Hengyu Xu , Yizhi Zhan , Shao-Jun Zhang

Gravitational-wave observations of binary black holes provide a suitable arena to test the fundamental nature of gravity in the strong-field regime. Using the data of the inspiral of 29 events detected by the LIGO-Virgo observatories, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-05 Swarnim Shashank , Cosimo Bambi

Analog gravity systems have the unique opportunity to probe theoretical aspects of black hole physics in a controlled laboratory environment that one cannot easily observe for astrophysical black holes. In this work, we address the question…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-15 Saulo Albuquerque , Sebastian H. Völkel

Collaborative international efforts under the name of the Event Horizon Telescope project, using sub- mm very long baseline interferometry, are soon expected to provide the first images of the shadow cast by the candidate supermassive black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-26 Ziri Younsi , Alexander Zhidenko , Luciano Rezzolla , Roman Konoplya , Yosuke Mizuno

We provide a geometric framework for the construction of non-vacuum black holes whose metrics are stationary and axisymmetric. Under suitable assumptions we show that the Einstein equations reduce to an Einstein-harmonic map type system and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-10-28 Otis Chodosh , Yakov Shlapentokh-Rothman

The study of black hole shadows provides a powerful tool for testing the predictions of general relativity and exploring deviations from the standard Kerr metric in the strong gravitational field regime. Here, we investigate the shadow…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-13 Temurbek Mirzaev , Bobomurat Ahmedov , Cosimo Bambi
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