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Having a high quality software is essential in software engineering, which requires robust validation and verification processes during testing activities. Manual testing, while effective, can be time consuming and costly, leading to an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Betim Sherifi , Khaled Slhoub , Fitzroy Nembhard

Context: Developers use bad code smells to guide code reorganization. Yet developers, text books, tools, and researchers disagree on which bad smells are important. Objective: To evaluate the likelihood that a code reorganization to address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Rahul Krishna , Tim Menzies , Lucas Layman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are starting to be profiled as one of the most significant disruptions in the Software Testing field. Specifically, they have been successfully applied in software testing tasks such as generating test code, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Cristian Augusto , Antonia Bertolino , Guglielmo De Angelis , Francesca Lonetti , Jesús Morán

Elixir is a new functional programming language whose popularity is rising in the industry. However, there are few works in the literature focused on studying the internal quality of systems implemented in this language. Particularly, to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Lucas Francisco da Matta Vegi , Marco Tulio Valente

Reproducibility is a cornerstone of scientific progress, yet its state in large language model (LLM)-based software engineering (SE) research remains poorly understood. This paper presents the first large-scale, empirical study of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Arvin Islam-Gomes , Natalie Sekerak , Joanna C. S. Santos

Developers and quality assurance testers often rely on manual testing to test accessibility features throughout the product lifecycle. Unfortunately, manual testing can be tedious, often has an overwhelming scope, and can be difficult to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Maryam Taeb , Amanda Swearngin , Eldon Schoop , Ruijia Cheng , Yue Jiang , Jeffrey Nichols

The manual generation of test scripts is a time-intensive, costly, and error-prone process, indicating the value of automated solutions. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great promise in this domain, leveraging their extensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Victor Alves , Carla Bezerra , Ivan Machado , Larissa Rocha , Tássio Virgínio , Publio Silva

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is revolutionising the way both professionals and laypersons operate in the legal field. The considerable potential for NLP in the legal sector, especially in developing computational assistance tools for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Farid Ariai , Joel Mackenzie , Gianluca Demartini

Natural Language Processing (NLP) plays an important role in our daily lives, particularly due to the enormous progress of Large Language Models (LLM). However, NLP has many fairness-critical use cases, e.g., as an expert system in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Vincent Freiberger , Erik Buchmann

Although measuring held-out accuracy has been the primary approach to evaluate generalization, it often overestimates the performance of NLP models, while alternative approaches for evaluating models either focus on individual tasks or on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Tongshuang Wu , Carlos Guestrin , Sameer Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) changed the way we design and interact with software systems. Their ability to process and extract information from text has drastically improved productivity in a number of routine tasks. Developers that want…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Federico Errica , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Roberto Bifulco

Nowadays, most DL frameworks (DLFs) use multilingual programming of Python and C/C++, facilitating the flexibility and performance of the DLF. However, inappropriate interlanguage interaction may introduce design smells involving multiple…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zengyang Li , Xiaoyong Zhang , Wenshuo Wang , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Jie Tan , Hui Liu

Nowadays, we are witnessing an increasing adoption of Deep Learning (DL) based software systems in many industries. Designing a DL program requires constructing a deep neural network (DNN) and then training it on a dataset. This process…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh

Mature test automation is key for achieving software quality at speed. In this paper, we present a multivocal literature review with the objective to survey and synthesize the guidelines given in the literature for improving test automation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Yuqing Wang , Mika V. Mäntylä , Zihao Liu , Jouni Markkula , Päivi Raulamo-jurvanen

This Innovative Practice full paper explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance the teaching of code refactoring in software engineering courses through real-time, context-aware feedback. Refactoring improves code quality but is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Anshul Khairnar , Aarya Rajoju , Edward F. Gehringer

Context: Research software is essential for developing advanced tools and models to solve complex research problems and drive innovation across domains. Therefore, it is essential to ensure its correctness. Software testing plays a vital…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Nasir U. Eisty , Upulee Kanewala , Jeffrey C. Carver

Technical documents contain a fair amount of unnatural language, such as tables, formulas, pseudo-codes, etc. Unnatural language can be an important factor of confusing existing NLP tools. This paper presents an effective method of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-03-20 Myungha Jang , Jinho D. Choi , James Allan

Architectural smells such as God Class, Cyclic Dependency, and Hub-like Dependency degrade software quality and maintainability. Existing tools detect such smells but rarely suggest how to fix them. This paper explores the use of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Samal Nursapa , Anastassiya Samuilova , Alessio Bucaioni , Phuong T. Nguyen

Despite an ever growing number of word representation models introduced for a large number of languages, there is a lack of a standardized technique to provide insights into what is captured by these models. Such insights would help the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Gözde Gül Şahin , Clara Vania , Ilia Kuznetsov , Iryna Gurevych

Current approaches for fixing systematic problems in NLP models (e.g. regex patches, finetuning on more data) are either brittle, or labor-intensive and liable to shortcuts. In contrast, humans often provide corrections to each other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Shikhar Murty , Christopher D. Manning , Scott Lundberg , Marco Tulio Ribeiro