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Combinatorial optimization has wide applications from industry to natural science. Ising machines bring an emerging computing paradigm for efficiently solving a combinatorial optimization problem by searching a ground state of a given Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-16 Kentaro Ohno , Tatsuhiko Shirai , Nozomu Togawa

Inspired by the developments in quantum computing, building domain-specific classical hardware to solve computationally hard problems has received increasing attention. Here, by introducing systematic sparsification techniques, we…

Autoregressive Neural Networks based on dense or convolutional layers have recently been shown to be a viable strategy for generating classical spin systems. Unlike these methods, sampling with transformers is commonly considered to be…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-05-01 Piotr Białas , Piotr Korcyl , Tomasz Stebel , Adam Stefański , Dawid Zapolski

We present high-performance implementations of the two-dimensional Ising and Blume-Capel models for large-scale, multi-GPU simulations. Our approach takes full advantage of the NVIDIA GB200 NVL72 system, which features up to $72$ GPUs…

High-energy particle collisions can convert energy into matter through the inelastic production of new particles. Quantum computers are an ideal platform for simulating the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of collisions and the formation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Roland C. Farrell , Nikita A. Zemlevskiy , Marc Illa , John Preskill

Realizing compact and scalable Ising machines that are compatible with CMOS-process technology is crucial to the effectiveness and practicality of using such hardware platforms for accelerating computationally intractable problems. Besides…

From condensed matter to quantum chromodynamics, multidimensional spins are a fundamental paradigm, with a pivotal role in combinatorial optimization and machine learning. Machines formed by coupled parametric oscillators can simulate spin…

Optics · Physics 2022-11-29 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Claudio Conti

We propose and demonstrate a nonlinear optics approach to emulate Ising machines containing up to a million spins and with tailored two and four-body interactions with all-to-all connections. It uses a spatial light modulator to encode and…

Optics · Physics 2020-10-21 Santosh Kumar , He Zhang , Yu-Ping Huang

The past decade has seen the emergence of Ising machines targeting hard combinatorial optimization problems by minimizing the Ising Hamiltonian with spins represented by continuous dynamical variables. However, capabilities of these…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aditya Shukla , Mikhail Erementchouk , Pinaki Mazumder

Coherent Ising Machines (CIMs) have emerged as a hybrid form of quantum computing devices designed to solve NP-complete problems, offering an exciting opportunity for discovering optimal solutions. Despite challenges such as susceptibility…

The Ising machine is an unconventional computing architecture that can be used to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than traditional von Neumann architectures. Fast, compact oscillator networks which provide…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-10-20 Brooke C. McGoldrick , Jonathan Z. Sun , Luqiao Liu

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has shown extraordinary potential in accelerating neural networks. To evaluate the performance of PIM accelerators, we present an ISA-based simulation framework including a dedicated ISA targeting neural networks…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Xinyu Wang , Xiaotian Sun , Yinhe Han , Xiaoming Chen

The recent emergence of novel computational devices, such as adiabatic quantum computers, CMOS annealers, and optical parametric oscillators, present new opportunities for hybrid-optimization algorithms that are hardware accelerated by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-20 Carleton Coffrin , Harsha Nagarajan , Russell Bent

In recent years, quantum Ising machines have drawn a lot of attention, but due to physical implementation constraints, it has been difficult to achieve dense coupling, such as full coupling with sufficient spins to handle practical…

The high-performance scalable parallel algorithm for rigorous calculation of partition function of lattice systems with finite number Ising spins was developed. The parallel calculations run by C++ code with using of Message Passing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-02-21 Alexey A. Peretyatko , Ivan A. Bogatyrev , Vitaliy Yu. Kapitan , Yury V. Kirienko , Konstantin V. Nefedev , Valery I. Belokon

While the Ising model remains essential to understand physical phenomena, its natural connection to combinatorial reasoning makes it also one of the best models to probe complex systems in science and engineering. We bring a computational…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Shaan A. Nagy , Roger Paredes , Jeffrey M. Dudek , Leonardo Dueñas-Osorio , Moshe Y. Vardi

The Ising model, originally proposed a century ago, has become a cornerstone of combinatorial optimization in recent decades. However, Ising machines remain constrained by a fundamental hardware-speed trade-off. We introduce the Bounce-Bind…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Haiyang Zhang , Hao Wang , Rui Zhou , Sheng Chang

Over the last couple of years it has been realized that the vast computational power of graphics processing units (GPUs) could be harvested for purposes other than the video game industry. This power, which at least nominally exceeds that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-07-26 Martin Weigel

Many combinatorial optimization problems can be reformulated as finding the ground state of the Ising model. Existing Ising solvers are mostly inspired by simulated annealing. Although annealing techniques offer scalability, they lack…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Debraj Banerjee , Santanu Mahapatra , Kunal Narayan Chaudhury

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have transformed our understanding of the nanoscale, driving breakthroughs in materials science, computational chemistry, and several other fields, including biophysics and drug design. Even on exascale…