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Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are a set of inequalities expressing a fundamental trade-off between precision and dissipation in non-equilibrium classical and quantum thermodynamic processes. TURs show that achieving low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Mario Motta , Antonio Mezzacapo , Giacomo Guarnieri

Recently, a thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) has been formulated for classical Markovian systems demonstrating trade-off between precision (current fluctuation) and cost (dissipation). Systems that violate the TUR are interesting as…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Junjie Liu , Dvira Segal

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) imposes a fundamental constraint between current fluctuations and entropy production, providing a refined formulation of the second law for micro- and nanoscale systems. Quantum violations of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yang Li , Fu-Lin Zhang

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) represent a benchmark result in nonequilibrium physics that allows to place fundamental lower bounds on the noise-to-signal ratio (precision) of currents in nanoscale devices. Originally formulated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Andre M. Timpanaro , Giacomo Guarnieri , Gabriel T. Landi

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations (TURs) set universal bounds linking current fluctuations to entropy production in nonequilibrium steady states. Their multidimensional generalization (MTUR) introduces matrix inequalities connecting…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Sergi Vidal , Alba Mayor-Fernandez , Rosa Lopez

Clocks are inherently out-of-equilibrium because, due to friction, they constantly consume free energy to keep track of time. The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) quantifies the trade-off between the precision of any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-05 Ashwin Gopal , Massimiliano Esposito , Nahuel Freitas

A cost-precision trade-off relationship, the so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), has been recently discovered in stochastic thermodynamics. It bounds certain thermodynamic observables in terms of the associated entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-27 Soham Pal , Sushant Saryal , Dvira Segal , T. S. Mahesh , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) set fundamental bounds on the fluctuation and dissipation of stochastic systems. Here, we examine these bounds, in experiment and theory, by exploring the entire phase space of a cyclic information…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-23 Govind Paneru , Sandipan Dutta , Tsvi Tlusty , Hyuk Kyu Pak

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) express a fundamental tradeoff between the precision (inverse scaled variance) of any thermodynamic current by functionals of the average entropy production. Relying on purely variational…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-11-28 Kyle J. Ray , Alexander B. Boyd , Giacomo Guarnieri , James P. Crutchfield

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are recently established relations between the relative uncertainty of time-integrated currents and entropy production in nonequilibrium systems. For small perturbations away from equilibrium,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-05 Katarzyna Macieszczak , Kay Brandner , Juan P. Garrahan

Stability and efficiency are mutually exclusive in a thermodynamic process, e.g. in a thermal machine. Any effort to reduce the fluctuations of a certain output quantity is necessarily accompanied by an increase of entropy production,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Franco Mayo , Nahual Sobrino , Rosario Fazio , Fabio Taddei , Michele Governale

Fluctuations are intrinsic to microscopic systems and impose fundamental limits on nonequilibrium precision, as captured by the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), which links current fluctuations to entropy production. While feedback…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Ryotaro Honma , Tan Van Vu

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations (TURs) are relations that establish lower bounds for the relative fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities in terms of the statistics of the associated entropy production. In this work we derive a family…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-24 André M. Timpanaro

We use the fundamental nonequilibrium steady-state fluctuation symmetry and derive a condition on the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) in thermal transport problems, classical or quantum alike. We test this condition…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-09 Sushant Saryal , Hava Friedman , Dvira Segal , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) place strict bounds on the fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities in terms of the associated entropy production. In this work we identify the tightest (and saturable) matrix-valued TUR that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-07 André M. Timpanaro , Giacomo Guarnieri , John Goold , Gabriel T. Landi

We examine the so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), a cost-precision trade-off relationship in transport systems. Based on the fluctuation symmetry, we derive a condition on the validity of the TUR for general nonequilibrium…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Bijay Kumar Agarwalla , Dvira Segal

Nanoscale heat engines are subject to large fluctuations which affect their precision. The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) provides a trade-off between output power, fluctuations and entropic cost. This trade-off may be overcome by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Alex Arash Sand Kalaee , Andreas Wacker , Patrick P. Potts

Autonomous engines operating at the nano-scale can be prone to deleterious fluctuations in the heat and particle currents which increase, for fixed power output, the more reversible the operation regime is. This fundamental trade-off…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-10-23 Giacomo Guarnieri , Gabriel T. Landi , Stephen R. Clark , John Goold

Many versions of Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations (TUR) have recently been discovered, which impose lower bounds on relative fluctuations of integrated currents in irreversible dissipative processes, and suggest that there may be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-28 Mingnan Ding , Chen Huang , Xiangjun Xing

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) impose a universal trade-off between current precision and entropy production in autonomous steady states, constraining in particular the power, efficiency, and constancy of heat engines. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-23 Enrique P. Cital , Viktor Holubec
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