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Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly but face significant memory demands. While quantization has shown promise for LLMs, current methods typically require lengthy training to alleviate the performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ke Yi , Yuhui Xu , Heng Chang , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Tong Zhang , Jia Li

Recently proposed methods for 1-bit and 1.58-bit quantization aware training investigate the performance and behavior of these methods in the context of large language models, finding state-of-the-art performance for models with more than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jacob Nielsen , Peter Schneider-Kamp

Regularization is a well-established technique in machine learning (ML) to achieve an optimal bias-variance trade-off which in turn reduces model complexity and enhances explainability. To this end, some hyper-parameters must be tuned,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Nima Safaei , Pooria Assadi

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a representative model compression method to reduce redundancy in weights and activations. However, most existing QAT methods require end-to-end training on the entire dataset, which suffers from long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Xijie Huang , Zechun Liu , Shih-Yang Liu , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Classical learning of the expectation values of observables for quantum states is a natural variant of learning quantum states or channels. While learning-theoretic frameworks establish the sample complexity and the number of measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 Beng Yee Gan , Po-Wei Huang , Elies Gil-Fuster , Patrick Rebentrost

Tuning parameters are parameters involved in an estimating procedure for the purpose of reducing the risk of some other estimator. Examples include the degree of penalization in penalized regression and likelihood problems, as well as the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Ingrid Dæhlen , Nils Lid Hjort , Ingrid Hobæk Haff

Quantization is one of the core components in lossy image compression. For neural image compression, end-to-end optimization requires differentiable approximations of quantization, which can generally be grouped into three categories:…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Zongyu Guo , Zhizheng Zhang , Runsen Feng , Zhibo Chen

Quantization is a promising approach for reducing memory overhead and accelerating inference, especially in large pre-trained language model (PLM) scenarios. While having no access to original training data due to security and privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Miaoxi Zhu , Qihuang Zhong , Li Shen , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

We tackle the problem of producing compact models, maximizing their accuracy for a given model size. A standard solution is to train networks with Quantization Aware Training, where the weights are quantized during training and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Angela Fan , Pierre Stock , Benjamin Graham , Edouard Grave , Remi Gribonval , Herve Jegou , Armand Joulin

The successful training of deep neural networks requires addressing challenges such as overfitting, numerical instabilities leading to divergence, and increasing variance in the residual stream. A common solution is to apply regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jörg K. H. Franke , Urs Spiegelhalter , Marianna Nezhurina , Jenia Jitsev , Frank Hutter , Michael Hefenbrock

Quantization is a popular technique that $transforms$ the parameter representation of a neural network from floating-point numbers into lower-precision ones ($e.g.$, 8-bit integers). It reduces the memory footprint and the computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Sanghyun Hong , Michael-Andrei Panaitescu-Liess , Yiğitcan Kaya , Tudor Dumitraş

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Model quantization reduces neural network parameter precision to achieve compression, but often compromises accuracy. Existing post-training quantization (PTQ) methods employ iterative parameter updates to preserve accuracy under high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zekang Zheng , Haokun Li , Yaofo Chen , Mingkui Tan , Qing Du

Quantization is emerging as an efficient approach to promote hardware-friendly deep learning and run deep neural networks on resource-limited hardware. However, it still causes a significant decrease to the network in accuracy. We summarize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Haotong Qin

This paper rigorously shows how over-parameterization changes the convergence behaviors of gradient descent (GD) for the matrix sensing problem, where the goal is to recover an unknown low-rank ground-truth matrix from near-isotropic linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Nuoya Xiong , Lijun Ding , Simon S. Du

Current mainstream post-training quantization methods for large language models typically apply a uniform quantization strategy across all network layers, overlooking the substantial differences in algorithmic suitability among layers. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jinhao Zhang , Yunquan Zhang , Daning Chen , JunSun , Zicheng Yan

We introduce Delta-Aware Quantization (DAQ), a data-free post-training quantization framework that preserves the knowledge acquired during post-training. Standard quantization objectives minimize reconstruction error but are agnostic to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xiaoming Yu , Shize Tang , Guanghua Yu , Linchuan Xie , Song Liu , Jianchen Zhu , Feng Li

As new optimizers gain traction and model quantization becomes standard for efficient deployment, a key question arises: how does the choice of optimizer affect model performance in the presence of quantization? Despite progress in both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Georgios Vlassis , Saleh Ashkboos , Alexandra Volkova , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a common paradigm for network quantization, in which the training phase incorporates the simulation of the low-precision computation to optimize the quantization parameters in alignment with the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Chengting Yu , Shu Yang , Fengzhao Zhang , Hanzhi Ma , Aili Wang , Er-Ping Li

Quantum machine learning for classical data is currently perceived to have a scalability problem due to (i) a bottleneck at the point of loading data into quantum states, (ii) the lack of clarity around good optimization strategies, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Sonika Johri