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Distributed ledger technologies have gained significant attention and adoption in recent years. Despite various security features distributed ledger technology provides, they are vulnerable to different and new malicious attacks, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Elena Baninemeh , Marre Slikker , Katsiaryna Labunets , Slinger Jansen

Cyber risk assessment is a fundamental activity for enhancing the protection of an organization, identifying and evaluating the exposure to cyber threats. Currently, this activity is carried out mainly manually and the identification and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Marco Angelini , Silvia Bonomi , Alessandro Palma

Technological advancements in various industries, such as network intelligence, vehicle networks, e-commerce, the Internet of Things (IoT), ubiquitous computing, and cloud-based applications, have led to an exponential increase in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Mike Nkongolo , Mahmut Tokmak

Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are complex interconnected systems used to manage process control within industrial environments, such as chemical processing plants and water treatment facilities. As the modern industrial environment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jaxson Brown , Duc-Son Pham , Sie-Teng Soh , Foad Motalebi , Sivaraman Eswaran , Mahathir Almashor

In this work, we focus on analyzing vulnerability of nonlinear dynamical control systems to stealthy false data injection attacks on sensors. We start by defining the stealthiness notion in the most general form where an attack is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Amir Khazraei , Miroslav Pajic

As many industries shift towards centralised controlled information systems for monitoring and control, more importance is being placed upon technologies such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisitions industrial systems (SCADA). This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Michael Smurthwaite , Maumita Bhattacharya

Organizations struggle to handle sheer number of vulnerabilities in their cloud environments. The de facto methodology used for prioritizing vulnerabilities is to use Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). However, CVSS has inherent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Muhammed Fatih Bulut , Abdulhamid Adebayo , Daby Sow , Steve Ocepek

In cybersecurity, vulnerability assessment has typically focused on identifying and measuring vulnerabilities within digital assets and technical infrastructures. However, there is growing recognition that this approach alone is inadequate…

Industrial control systems (ICSs) are types of cyber-physical systems in which programs, written in languages such as ladder logic or structured text, control industrial processes through sensing and actuating. Given the use of ICSs in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Christopher M. Poskitt , Yuqi Chen , Jun Sun , Yu Jiang

Industrial control systems (ICSs) increasingly rely on digital technologies vulnerable to cyber attacks. Cyber attackers can infiltrate ICSs and execute malicious actions. Individually, each action seems innocuous. But taken together, they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Arthur Amorim , Trevor Kann , Max Taylor , Lance Joneckis

The growing connectivity of industrial devices as a result of the Internet of Things is increasing the risks to Industrial Control Systems. Since attacks on such devices can also cause damage to people and machines, they must be properly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Simon Liebl , Leah Lathrop , Ulrich Raithel , Andreas Aßmuth , Ian Ferguson , Matthias Söllner

Software supply chains (SSCs) are complex systems composed of dynamic, heterogeneous technical and social components which collectively achieve the production and maintenance of software artefacts. Attacks on SSCs are increasing, yet…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Thomas Welsh , Kristófer Finnsson , Brynjólfur Stefánsson , Helmut Neukirchen

Dynamic security analysis is an important problem of power systems on ensuring safe operation and stable power supply even when certain faults occur. No matter such faults are caused by vulnerabilities of system components, physical…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Qiang Wu , T. John Koo , Yoshihiko Susuki

The exponential growth of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) disclosures poses significant challenges for enterprise security management, necessitating automated and quantitative risk assessment methodologies. Existing vulnerability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Wanru Shao

Real-Time systems are essential for promptly responding to external stimuli and completing tasks within predefined time constraints. Ensuring high reliability and robust security in these systems is therefore critical. This requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Eliron Rahimi , Kfir Girstein , Roman Malits , Avi Mendelson

These days, cyber-criminals target humans rather than machines since they try to accomplish their malicious intentions by exploiting the weaknesses of end users. Thus, human vulnerabilities pose a serious threat to the security and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Dimitra Papatsaroucha , Yannis Nikoloudakis , Ioannis Kefaloukos , Evangelos Pallis , Evangelos K. Markakis

The advantages of using communication networks to interconnect controllers and physical plants motivate the increasing number of Networked Control Systems, in industrial and critical infrastructure facilities. However, this integration also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-05 A. O. Sa , L. F. R. C. Carmo , R. C. S. Machado

AI-controlled robotic systems pose a risk to human workers and the environment. Classical risk assessment methods cannot adequately describe such black box systems. Therefore, new methods for a dynamic risk assessment of such AI-controlled…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Philipp Grimmeisen , Friedrich Sautter , Andrey Morozov

Over the last years, the number of cyber-attacks on industrial control systems has been steadily increasing. Among several factors, proper software development plays a vital role in keeping these systems secure. To achieve secure software,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Tiago Espinha Gasiba , Ulrike Lechner , Maria Pinto-Albuquerque , Anmoal Porwal

The increasing digitization and interconnection of legacy Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) open new vulnerability surfaces, exposing such systems to malicious attackers. Furthermore, since ICSs are often employed in critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Mauro Conti , Denis Donadel , Federico Turrin