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In this paper, we establish an effective edge theory to characterize non-Hermitian edge-skin modes in higher dimensions. We begin by proposing a bulk projection criterion to straightforwardly identify the localized edges of skin modes.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Kai Zhang , Zhesen Yang , Kai Sun

Localization is a pervasive phenomenon across physics, shaping transport from electrons in solids to light and sound in engineered media. In traditional settings, disorder strongly impedes transport, resulting in dynamical localization or,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-01-28 Jia-Xin Zhong , Jee Woo Kim , Stefano Longhi , Yun Jing

The dynamical consequences of the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) remain largely unexplored despite extensive studies of its static properties. Here we address this gap by applying quantum Liang information flow (QLIF) an inherently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Bin Yi

Recently, much attention has been paid to uncovering the influence of dissipation on a quantum system, particularly on how the non-Hermitian (NH) terms modify the band topology of topological materials and reshape the profile of the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-08-14 Fei Yang , Xue-Ping Ren , Su-peng Kou

A striking feature of non-Hermitian tight-binding Hamiltonians is the high sensitivity of both spectrum and eigenstates to boundary conditions. Indeed, if the spectrum under periodic boundary conditions is point gapped, by opening the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Federico Roccati

The non-Hermitian skin effect, nonreciprocity-induced anomalous localization of an extensive number of eigenstates, represents a hallmark of non-Hermitian topological systems with no analogs in Hermitian systems. Despite its significance…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Kohei Kawabata , Daichi Nakamura

As a distinctive feature unique to non-Hermitian systems, non-Hermitian skin effect displays fruitful exotic phenomena in one or higher dimensions, especially when conventional topological phases are involved. Among them, hybrid…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Junpeng Wu , Riyi Zheng , Jialuo Liang , Manzhu Ke , Jiuyang Lu , Weiyin Deng , Xueqin Huang , Zhengyou Liu

Non-Hermitian skin effect, namely that the eigenvalues and eigenstates of a non-Hermitian tight-binding Hamiltonian have significant differences under open or periodic boundary conditions, is a remarkable phenomenon of non-Hermitian…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 Liang Mao , Tianshu Deng , Pengfei Zhang

We study the one-dimensional nonreciprocal lattices with real nearest neighboring hopping and find that the energy spectra under open boundary conditions can be entirely real or imaginary. We further investigate the spectral properties and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Qi-Bo Zeng , Rong Lü

We study the skin effect in a one-dimensional system of finitely many subwavelength resonators with a non-Hermitian imaginary gauge potential. Using Toeplitz matrix theory, we prove the condensation of bulk eigenmodes at one of the edges of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-06-28 Habib Ammari , Silvio Barandun , Jinghao Cao , Bryn Davies , Erik Orvehed Hiltunen

The non-Hermitian skin effect and nonreciprocal behavior are sensitive to the boundary conditions, which are unique features of non-Hermitian systems. The eigenenergies will become complex and all eigenstates are localized at the boundary,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-07-15 Lei Chen , Zhen-Xia Niu , Xingran Xu

The extreme sensitivity of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians exhibiting the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) has been extensively studied in recent years with well-established theoretical explanations. However, this sensitivity is often overlooked…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Xu Feng , Shuo Liu , Shi-Xin Zhang , Shu Chen

Non-Hermitian skin effect denotes the exponential localization of a large number of eigen-states in a non-Hermitian lattice under open boundary conditions. Such a non-Hermiticity-induced skin effect can offset the penetration depth of…

Optics · Physics 2021-11-17 Qinghui Yan , Hongsheng Chen , Yihao Yang

The eigenstates of one-dimensional Hermitian and non-Hermitian tight-binding systems (in the presence/absence of quasiperiodic potential) and an external electric field undergo complete localization with equally spaced eigenenergies, known…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-12-17 Aditi Chakrabarty , Sanjoy Datta

This work investigates edge modes in non-Hermitian photonic crystals with broken spectral reciprocity. In such systems, the spectra of the underlying operators generally form closed loops over the complex plane with nontrivial spectral…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Junshan Lin , Hai Zhang

The skin effect, where bulk modes collapse into boundary modes, is a key phenomenon in topological non-Hermitian systems, has been predominantly studied in spinless systems. Recent studies illustrate the magnetic suppression of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 Wenna Zhang , Yutao Hu , Hongyi Zhang , Xiang Liu , Georgios Veronis , Yuecheng Shen , Yin Huang , Wenchen Luo , Andrea Alu`

Non-Hermitian systems exhibit unique spectral properties, including the non-Hermitian skin effect and exceptional points, often influenced by boundary conditions. The modulation of these phenomena by generalized boundary conditions remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 S Rahul , Pasquale Marra

Anderson (localization) transition is a universal wave phenomenon characterized by a disorder-induced quantum phase transition from extended to localized states, whereas the non-Hermitian skin effect is a generic feature of non-Hermitian…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-03-31 C. Wang , X. R. Wang , Hechen Ren

We investigate the interplay between the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE), parity-time (PT) symmetry, and topological defect states in a finite non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain. In the conventional NHSE regime, non-reciprocal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-05-28 S. M. Rafi-Ul-Islam , Zhuo Bin Siu , Md Saddam Hossain Razo , Mansoor B. A. Jalil

The traditional bulk-boundary correspondence assuring robust gapless modes at the edges and surfaces of insulating and nodal topological materials gets masked in non-Hermitian (NH) systems by the skin effect, manifesting an accumulation of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-07-14 Archisman Panigrahi , Roderich Moessner , Bitan Roy