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CLIP has demonstrated exceptional image-text matching capabilities due to its training on contrastive learning tasks. Past research has suggested that whereas CLIP effectively matches text to images when the matching can be achieved just by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Omri Suissa , Muhiim Ali , Ariana Azarbal , Hui Shen , Shekhar Pradhan

Contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) using image-text pairs has achieved impressive results on image classification in both zero-shot and transfer learning settings. However, we show that directly applying such models to recognize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Yiwu Zhong , Jianwei Yang , Pengchuan Zhang , Chunyuan Li , Noel Codella , Liunian Harold Li , Luowei Zhou , Xiyang Dai , Lu Yuan , Yin Li , Jianfeng Gao

CLIP retrieval is typically framed as a pointwise similarity problem in a shared embedding space. While CLIP achieves strong global cross-modal alignment, many retrieval failures arise from local geometric inconsistencies: nearby items are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Nirmalendu Prakash , Narmeen Fatimah Oozeer , Xin Su , Phillip Howard , Shaan Shah , Zoe Wanying He , Shuang Wu , Shivam Raval , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Meenakshi Khosla , Amir Abdullah

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) performs zero-shot image classification by mapping images and textual class representation into a shared embedding space, then retrieving the class closest to the image. This work provides a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Fawaz Sammani , Nikos Deligiannis

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) models have shown significant potential, particularly in zero-shot classification across diverse distribution shifts. Building on existing evaluations of overall classification robustness, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Weijie Tu , Weijian Deng , Tom Gedeon

Traditional machine-learned ranking systems for web search are often trained to capture stationary relevance of documents to queries, which has limited ability to track non-stationary user intention in a timely manner. In recency search,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-03-22 Taesup Moon , Wei Chu , Lihong Li , Zhaohui Zheng , Yi Chang

Modern image captioning models are usually trained with text similarity objectives. However, since reference captions in public datasets often describe the most salient common objects, models trained with text similarity objectives tend to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Jaemin Cho , Seunghyun Yoon , Ajinkya Kale , Franck Dernoncourt , Trung Bui , Mohit Bansal

The continual learning setting aims to learn new tasks over time without forgetting the previous ones. The literature reports several significant efforts to tackle this problem with limited or no access to previous task data. Among such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Vishal Thengane , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Khan

Most existing Vision-and-Language (V&L) models rely on pre-trained visual encoders, using a relatively small set of manually-annotated data (as compared to web-crawled data), to perceive the visual world. However, it has been observed that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Sheng Shen , Liunian Harold Li , Hao Tan , Mohit Bansal , Anna Rohrbach , Kai-Wei Chang , Zhewei Yao , Kurt Keutzer

Training a referring expression comprehension (ReC) model for a new visual domain requires collecting referring expressions, and potentially corresponding bounding boxes, for images in the domain. While large-scale pre-trained models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Sanjay Subramanian , William Merrill , Trevor Darrell , Matt Gardner , Sameer Singh , Anna Rohrbach

Significant progress has been achieved on the improvement and downstream usages of the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) vision-language model, while less attention is paid to the interpretation of CLIP. We propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Chenyang Zhao , Kun Wang , Janet H. Hsiao , Antoni B. Chan

Density ratio estimation is a core concept in statistical machine learning because it provides a unified mechanism for tasks such as importance weighting, divergence estimation, and likelihood-free inference, but its potential in vision and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fumiya Uchiyama , Rintaro Yanagi , Shohei Taniguchi , Shota Takashiro , Masahiro Suzuki , Hirokatsu Kataoka , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Treating texts as images, combining prompts with textual labels for prompt tuning, and leveraging the alignment properties of CLIP have been successfully applied in zero-shot multi-label image recognition. Nonetheless, relying solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Haonan Xu , Dian Chao , Xiangyu Wu , Zhonghua Wan , Yang Yang

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP are trained via contrastive learning between text and image pairs, resulting in aligned image and text embeddings that are useful for many downstream tasks. A notable drawback of CLIP, however, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dylan Sam , Devin Willmott , Joao D. Semedo , J. Zico Kolter

CLIP is a discriminative model trained to align images and text in a shared embedding space. Due to its multimodal structure, it serves as the backbone of many generative pipelines, where a decoder is trained to map from the shared space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Antonio D'Orazio , Maria Rosaria Briglia , Donato Crisostomi , Dario Loi , Emanuele Rodolà , Iacopo Masi

The advent of text-image models, most notably CLIP, has significantly transformed the landscape of information retrieval. These models enable the fusion of various modalities, such as text and images. One significant outcome of CLIP is its…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Christian Lülf , Denis Mayr Lima Martins , Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles , Yongluan Zhou , Fabian Gieseke

The Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) Model is a recently proposed large-scale pre-train model which attracts increasing attention in the computer vision community. Benefiting from its gigantic image-text training set, the CLIP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Yuxuan Ding , Lingqiao Liu , Chunna Tian , Jingyuan Yang , Haoxuan Ding

The Visual Language Model, known for its robust cross-modal capabilities, has been extensively applied in various computer vision tasks. In this paper, we explore the use of CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining), a vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Huazhong Zhao , Lei Qi , Xin Geng

Symmetry is one of the most fundamental geometric cues in computer vision, and detecting it has been an ongoing challenge. With the recent advances in vision-language models,~i.e., CLIP, we investigate whether a pre-trained CLIP model can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Tinghan Yang , Md Ashiqur Rahman , Raymond A. Yeh

Referring image segmentation aims to segment a referent via a natural linguistic expression.Due to the distinct data properties between text and image, it is challenging for a network to well align text and pixel-level features. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Zhaoqing Wang , Yu Lu , Qiang Li , Xunqiang Tao , Yandong Guo , Mingming Gong , Tongliang Liu