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When using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to adapt large language models (LLMs) to specific domains, a significant challenge arises: should we use the entire SFT dataset for fine-tuning? Common practice often involves fine-tuning directly on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Peng Wang , Kohou Wang , Huan Hu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Adapting pre-trained foundation models for diverse downstream tasks is a core practice in artificial intelligence. However, the wide range of tasks and high computational costs make full fine-tuning impractical. To overcome this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Chongjie Si , Zhiyi Shi , Xuehui Wang , Yichen Xiao , Xiaokang Yang , Wei Shen

Foundation models have shown superior performance for speech emotion recognition (SER). However, given the limited data in emotion corpora, finetuning all parameters of large pre-trained models for SER can be both resource-intensive and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-02 Nineli Lashkarashvili , Wen Wu , Guangzhi Sun , Philip C. Woodland

Natural language processing (NLP) is a key technology to extract important patient information from clinical narratives to support healthcare applications. The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized many NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Cheng Peng , Xinyu Dong , Mengxian Lyu , Daniel Paredes , Yaoyun Zhang , Yonghui Wu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enhanced their ability to process long input contexts. This development is particularly crucial for tasks that involve retrieving knowledge from an external datastore, which can result in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Zheng Zhang , Fan Yang , Ziyan Jiang , Zheng Chen , Zhengyang Zhao , Chengyuan Ma , Liang Zhao , Yang Liu

In this era of large language models (LLMs), the traditional training of models has become increasingly unimaginable for regular users and institutions. The exploration of efficient fine-tuning for high-resource languages on these models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Zhou Mingjun , Daiqing Zhuoma , Qun Nuo , Nyima Tashi

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have expanded the interaction with human to speech modality, which introduces great interactive potential, due to the paralinguistic cues implicitly indicating the user context. However, building on the…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hao Yang , Minghan Wang , Tongtong Wu , Lizhen Qu , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari

Open-source, multilingual medical large language models (LLMs) have the potential to serve linguistically diverse populations across different regions. Adapting generic LLMs for healthcare often requires continual pretraining, but this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Meng Zhou , Surajsinh Parmar , Anubhav Bhatti

The large language model (LLM) is typically integrated into the mainstream optimization protocol. No work has questioned whether maintaining the model integrity is \textit{indispensable} for promising performance. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mingyuan Zhang , Yue Bai , Huan Wang , Yizhou Wang , Qihua Dong , Yitian Zhang , Yun Fu

Reducing scan time in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging while maintaining high-quality images is crucial for minimizing patient discomfort and radiation exposure. Due to the limited size of datasets and distribution discrepancy…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-11 Yumin Kim , Gayoon Choi , Seong Jae Hwang

Alignment, endowing a pre-trained Large language model (LLM) with the ability to follow instructions, is crucial for its real-world applications. Conventional supervised fine-tuning (SFT) methods formalize it as causal language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yuchen Fan , Yuzhong Hong , Qiushi Wang , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song

Large pre-trained models (LPMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in diverse natural language processing and computer vision tasks. However, fully fine-tuning these models poses substantial memory challenges, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Chengwei Sun , Jiwei Wei , Yujia Wu , Yiming Shi , Shiyuan He , Zeyu Ma , Ning Xie , Yang Yang

Multilingual pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on several downstream tasks for both high-resourced and low-resourced languages. However, there is still a large performance drop for languages unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Jesujoba O. Alabi , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Marius Mosbach , Dietrich Klakow

Large language models can now be personalised efficiently at scale using parameter efficient finetuning methods (PEFTs), but serving user-specific PEFTs harms throughput, even with specialised kernels and memory management techniques. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Andrew Lanpouthakoun , Aryaman Arora , Zhengxuan Wu , Dhruv Pai , Ben Keigwin , Dan Jurafsky , Christopher Potts

The recent emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has heralded a new era of human-AI interaction. These sophisticated models, exemplified by Chat-GPT and its successors, have exhibited remarkable capabilities in language understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Christopher Clarke , Yuzhao Heng , Lingjia Tang , Jason Mars

Despite the massive success of fine-tuning Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs), they remain susceptible to out-of-distribution input. Dataset cartography is a simple yet effective dual-model approach that improves the robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Yupei Du , Albert Gatt , Dong Nguyen

Multi-modal models excel in cross-modal tasks but are computationally expensive due to their billions of parameters. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) offers a solution by adding small trainable components while freezing pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Sashuai Zhou , Hai Huang , Yan Xia

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities in diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The LLMs generally undergo supervised fine-tuning (SFT) followed by preference alignment to be usable in downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Shiva Kumar Pentyala , Zhichao Wang , Bin Bi , Kiran Ramnath , Xiang-Bo Mao , Regunathan Radhakrishnan , Sitaram Asur , Na , Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) face the challenges in fine-tuning and deployment due to their high memory demands and computational costs. While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods aim to reduce the memory usage of the optimizer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jeonghoon Kim , Jung Hyun Lee , Sungdong Kim , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) allows model builders to capture the task-specific parameters into adapters, which are a fraction of the size of the original base model. Popularity of PEFT technique for fine-tuning has led to the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Saransh Gupta , Umesh Deshpande , Travis Janssen , Swami Sundararaman