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Matching patients to clinical trials is a key unsolved challenge in bringing new drugs to market. Today, identifying patients who meet a trial's eligibility criteria is highly manual, taking up to 1 hour per patient. Automated screening is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Michael Wornow , Alejandro Lozano , Dev Dash , Jenelle Jindal , Kenneth W. Mahaffey , Nigam H. Shah

Physician burnout in the United States has reached critical levels, driven in part by the administrative burden of Electronic Health Record (EHR) documentation and complex diagnostic codes. To relieve this strain and maintain strict patient…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Peter Hartnett , Chung-Chi Huang , Sarah Hartnett , David Hartnett

Extracting sections from clinical notes is crucial for downstream analysis but is challenging due to variability in formatting and labor-intensive nature of manual sectioning. While proprietary large language models (LLMs) have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Joshua Davis , Thomas Sounack , Kate Sciacca , Jessie M Brain , Brigitte N Durieux , Nicole D Agaronnik , Charlotta Lindvall

Clinical trial matching is the task of identifying trials for which patients may be potentially eligible. Typically, this task is labor-intensive and requires detailed verification of patient electronic health records (EHRs) against the…

Identifying disease phenotypes from electronic health records (EHRs) is critical for numerous secondary uses. Manually encoding physician knowledge into rules is particularly challenging for rare diseases due to inadequate EHR coding,…

Healthcare systems continuously generate vast amounts of electronic health records (EHRs), commonly stored in the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard. Despite the wealth of information in these records, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Sara Kothari , Ayush Gupta

Electronic medical records (EMRs) contain essential data for patient care and clinical research. With the diversity of structured and unstructured data in EHR, data visualization is an invaluable tool for managing and explaining these…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Haodi Zhang , Siqi Ning , Qiyong Zheng , Jinyin Nie , Liangjie Zhang , Weicheng Wang , Yuanfeng Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various sectors, including healthcare where they are employed in diverse applications. Their utility is particularly significant in the context of rare diseases, where data scarcity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Qiuhao Lu , Rui Li , Andrew Wen , Jinlian Wang , Liwei Wang , Hongfang Liu

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) play an important role in the healthcare system. However, their complexity and vast volume pose significant challenges to data interpretation and analysis. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence…

Extracting patient information from unstructured text is a critical task in health decision-support and clinical research. Large language models (LLMs) have shown the potential to accelerate clinical curation via few-shot in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Zelalem Gero , Chandan Singh , Hao Cheng , Tristan Naumann , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao , Hoifung Poon

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in medicine. However, their utility in non-generative clinical prediction, often presumed inferior to specialized models, remains under-evaluated, leading to ongoing debate within the…

High-throughput phenotyping, the automated mapping of patient signs and symptoms to standardized ontology concepts, is essential to gaining value from electronic health records (EHR) in the support of precision medicine. Despite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Syed I. Munzir , Daniel B. Hier , Chelsea Oommen , Michael D. Carrithers

Unstructured text in medical notes and dialogues contains rich information. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in question answering and summarization tasks on unstructured text data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Yuhao Chen , Zhimu Wang , Bo Wen , Farhana Zulkernine

Background: Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) offer potential benefits in healthcare, particularly in processing extensive patient records. However, existing benchmarks do not fully assess LLMs' capability in handling…

Manual chart review remains an extremely time-consuming and resource-intensive component of clinical research, requiring experts to extract often complex information from unstructured electronic health record (EHR) narratives. We present a…

Entity matching (EM) is a critical task in data integration, aiming to identify records across different datasets that refer to the same real-world entities. Traditional methods often rely on manually engineered features and rule-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Qianyu Huang , Tongfang Zhao

The rapid growth of biomedical literature poses challenges for manual knowledge curation and synthesis. Biomedical Natural Language Processing (BioNLP) automates the process. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in general…

OpenNotes enables patients to access EHR notes, but medical jargon can hinder comprehension. To improve understanding, we evaluated closed- and open-source LLMs for extracting and prioritizing key medical terms using prompting, fine-tuning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Won Seok Jang , Sharmin Sultana , Zonghai Yao , Hieu Tran , Zhichao Yang , Sunjae Kwon , Hong Yu

Electronic medical records (EMRs) contain the majority of patients' healthcare details. It is an abundant resource for developing an automatic healthcare system. Most of the natural language processing (NLP) studies on EMR processing, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Hongyi Yuan , Sheng Yu