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This review paper provides an integrated perspective of Explainable Artificial Intelligence techniques applied to Brain-Computer Interfaces. BCIs use predictive models to interpret brain signals for various high-stake applications. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Param Rajpura , Hubert Cecotti , Yogesh Kumar Meena

The black-box nature of artificial intelligence (AI) models has been the source of many concerns in their use for critical applications. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rapidly growing research field that aims to create…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Gaith Rjoub , Jamal Bentahar , Omar Abdel Wahab , Rabeb Mizouni , Alyssa Song , Robin Cohen , Hadi Otrok , Azzam Mourad

Explainability techniques are rapidly being developed to improve human-AI decision-making across various cooperative work settings. Consequently, previous research has evaluated how decision-makers collaborate with imperfect AI by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Katelyn Morrison , Philipp Spitzer , Violet Turri , Michelle Feng , Niklas Kühl , Adam Perer

Explanation is necessary for humans to understand and accept decisions made by an AI system when the system's goal is known. It is even more important when the AI system makes decisions in multi-agent environments where the human does not…

The implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in the manufacturing domain enables higher production efficiency, outstanding performance, and safer operations, leveraging powerful tools such as deep learning and reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Georgios Sofianidis , Jože M. Rožanec , Dunja Mladenić , Dimosthenis Kyriazis

Why do explainable AI (XAI) explanations in radiology, despite their promise of transparency, still fail to gain human trust? Current XAI approaches provide justification for predictions, however, these do not meet practitioners' needs.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Robert Kaufman , David Kirsh

Explainability has been a challenge in AI for as long as AI has existed. With the recently increased use of AI in society, it has become more important than ever that AI systems would be able to explain the reasoning behind their results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Kary Främling

Explainable AI (XAI) is often promoted with the idea of helping users understand how machine learning models function and produce predictions. Still, most of these benefits are reserved for those with specialized domain knowledge, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Chinasa T. Okolo

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become prevalent in our everyday technologies and impacts both individuals and communities. The explainable AI (XAI) scholarship has explored the philosophical nature of explanation and technical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Yubo Kou , Xinning Gui

In this paper, we argue for a paradigm shift from the current model of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), which may be counter-productive to better human decision making. In early decision support systems, we assumed that we could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Tim Miller

We grapple with the question: How, for whom and why should explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aim to support the user goal of agency? In particular, we analyze the relationship between agency and explanations through a user-centric…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Iyadunni Adenuga , Jonathan Dodge

Explainable AI (XAI) holds significant promise for enhancing the transparency and trustworthiness of AI-driven threat detection in Security Operations Centers (SOCs). However, identifying the appropriate level and format of explanation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nidhi Rastogi , Shirid Pant , Devang Dhanuka , Amulya Saxena , Pranjal Mairal

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a pillar of Trustworthy AI and aims to bring transparency in complex models that are opaque by nature. Despite the benefits of incorporating explanations in models, an urgent need is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sonal Allana , Mohan Kankanhalli , Rozita Dara

Cybersecurity vendors consistently apply AI (Artificial Intelligence) to their solutions and many cybersecurity domains can benefit from AI technology. However, black-box AI techniques present some difficulties in comprehension and adoption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Carlos Mendes , Tatiane Nogueira Rios

Explainable AI (XAI) is a promising means of supporting human-AI collaborations for high-stakes visual detection tasks, such as damage detection tasks from satellite imageries, as fully-automated approaches are unlikely to be perfectly safe…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Donghoon Shin , Sachin Grover , Kenneth Holstein , Adam Perer

Most explainable AI (XAI) techniques are concerned with the design of algorithms to explain the AI's decision. However, the data that is used to train these algorithms may contain features that are often incomprehensible to an end-user even…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Ajay Chander , Ramya Srinivasan

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods are intended to help human users better understand the decision making of an AI agent. However, many modern XAI approaches are unintuitive to end users, particularly those without prior AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Faraz Khadivpour , Arghasree Banerjee , Matthew Guzdial

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly more popular and can be found in workplaces and homes around the world. The decisions made by such "black box" systems are often opaque; that is, so complex as to be functionally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Rob Geada , Tommaso Teofili , Rui Vieira , Rebecca Whitworth , Daniele Zonca

Companies' adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly becoming an essential element of business success. However, using AI poses new requirements for companies and their employees, including transparency and comprehensibility…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Katharina Weitz , Chi Tai Dang , Elisabeth André

Researchers and practitioners increasingly consider a human-centered perspective in the design of machine learning-based applications, especially in the context of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). However, clear methodological…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Claudia Müller-Birn , Katrin Glinka , Peter Sörries , Michael Tebbe , Susanne Michl