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In this paper, we extend distance correlation to categorical data with general encodings, such as one-hot encoding for nominal variables and semicircle encoding for ordinal variables. Unlike existing methods, our approach leverages the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-21 Qingyang Zhang

Three different inferential problems related to a two dimensional categorical data from a Bayesian perspective have been discussed in this article. Conjugate prior distribution with symmetric and asymmetric hyper parameters are considered.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-05 Samyajoy Pal , Christian Heumann , M. Subbiah

Traditional approaches for learning on categorical data underexploit the dependencies between columns (\aka fields) in a dataset because they rely on the embedding of data points driven alone by the classification/regression loss. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Zhibin Li , Piotr Koniusz , Lu Zhang , Daniel Edward Pagendam , Peyman Moghadam

In topological data analysis and visualization, topological descriptors such as persistence diagrams, merge trees, contour trees, Reeb graphs, and Morse-Smale complexes play an essential role in capturing the shape of scalar field data. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Lin Yan , Talha Bin Masood , Raghavendra Sridharamurthy , Farhan Rasheed , Vijay Natarajan , Ingrid Hotz , Bei Wang

When performing classification tasks, raw high dimensional features often contain redundant information, and lead to increased computational complexity and overfitting. In this paper, we assume the data samples lie on a single underlying…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Bowen Jiang , Maohao Shen

With the increasing availability of high-dimensional data, analysts often rely on exploratory data analysis to understand complex data sets. A key approach to exploring such data is dimensionality reduction, which embeds high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Pavlin G. Poličar , Blaž Zupan

'Big' high-dimensional data are commonly analyzed in low-dimensions, after performing a dimensionality-reduction step that inherently distorts the data structure. For the same purpose, clustering methods are also often used. These methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-20 Tom Lorimer , Karlis Kanders , Ruedi Stoop

We present a new technique for visualizing high-dimensional data called cluster MDS (cl-MDS), which addresses a common difficulty of dimensionality reduction methods: preserving both local and global structures of the original sample in a…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Patricia Hernández-León , Miguel A. Caro

We map categorical variables in a function approximation problem into Euclidean spaces, which are the entity embeddings of the categorical variables. The mapping is learned by a neural network during the standard supervised training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-25 Cheng Guo , Felix Berkhahn

We present a technique for clustering categorical data by generating many dissimilarity matrices and averaging over them. We begin by demonstrating our technique on low dimensional categorical data and comparing it to several other…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-20 Saeid Amiri , Bertrand Clarke , Jennifer Clarke

A highly comparative, feature-based approach to time series classification is introduced that uses an extensive database of algorithms to extract thousands of interpretable features from time series. These features are derived from across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Ben D. Fulcher , Nick S. Jones

Many state-of-the art visualization techniques must be tailored to the specific type of dataset, its modality (CT, MRI, etc.), the recorded object or anatomical region (head, spine, abdomen, etc.) and other parameters related to the data…

Graphics · Computer Science 2009-06-15 Dženan Zukić , Christof Rezk-Salama , Andreas Kolb

Category discovery methods aim to find novel categories in unlabeled visual data. At training time, a set of labeled and unlabeled images are provided, where the labels correspond to the categories present in the images. The labeled data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Bingchen Zhao , Nico Lang , Serge Belongie , Oisin Mac Aodha

A key obstacle in automated analytics and meta-learning is the inability to recognize when different datasets contain measurements of the same variable. Because provided attribute labels are often uninformative in practice, this task may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Jonas Mueller , Alex Smola

Visualization of high-dimensional data is counter-intuitive using conventional graphs. Parallel coordinates are proposed as an alternative to explore multivariate data more effectively. However, it is difficult to extract relevant…

Computation · Statistics 2019-05-27 Shaima Tilouche , Vahid Partovi Nia , Samuel Bassetto

For statistical learning, categorical variables in a table are usually considered as discrete entities and encoded separately to feature vectors, e.g., with one-hot encoding. "Dirty" non-curated data gives rise to categorical variables with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Patricio Cerda , Gaël Varoquaux , Balázs Kégl

Data visualization is the process by which data of any size or dimensionality is processed to produce an understandable set of data in a lower dimensionality, allowing it to be manipulated and understood more easily by people. The goal of…

Graphics · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Alexander Kiefer , Md. Khaledur Rahman

Quantifying the similarity of two or more datasets has widespread applications in statistics and machine learning. The method choice is, however, difficult due to the abundance of proposed methods and the lack of neutral comparison studies,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Marieke Stolte , Jörg Rahnenführer , Andrea Bommert

This paper introduces a novel approach to Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) by leveraging the concept of contextuality to enhance the identification and classification of categories in unlabeled datasets. Drawing inspiration from human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Tingzhang Luo , Mingxuan Du , Jiatao Shi , Xinxiang Chen , Bingchen Zhao , Shaoguang Huang

The visualization of multi-dimensional data with interpretable methods remains limited by capabilities for both high-dimensional lossless visualizations that do not suffer from occlusion and that are computationally capable by parameterized…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Alice Williams , Boris Kovalerchuk