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Natural language processing (NLP) tasks, ranging from text classification to text generation, have been revolutionised by the pre-trained language models, such as BERT. This allows corporations to easily build powerful APIs by encapsulating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Xuanli He , Lingjuan Lyu , Qiongkai Xu , Lichao Sun

Increasing model size has unlocked a dazzling array of capabilities in modern language models. At the same time, even frontier models remain vulnerable to jailbreaks and prompt injections, despite concerted efforts to make them robust. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Nikolaus Howe , Ian McKenzie , Oskar Hollinsworth , Michał Zajac , Tom Tseng , Aaron Tucker , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Adam Gleave

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent and integrated into autonomous systems, ensuring their safety is imperative. Despite significant strides toward safety alignment, recent work GCG~\citep{zou2023universal}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zeyi Liao , Huan Sun

Sensitivity to adversarial noise hinders deployment of machine learning algorithms in security-critical applications. Although many adversarial defenses have been proposed, robustness to adversarial noise remains an open problem. The most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Alex Serban , Erik Poll , Joost Visser

New transformer networks have been integrated into object tracking pipelines and have demonstrated strong performance on the latest benchmarks. This paper focuses on understanding how transformer trackers behave under adversarial attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Fatemeh Nourilenjan Nokabadi , Jean-François Lalonde , Christian Gagné

Context:With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and applications, numerous AI models have been developed, leading to the emergence of open-source model hosting platforms like Hugging Face (HF). Thanks to these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Hao Qin , Mingyang Li , Junjie Wang , Qing Wang

Alignment in large language models (LLMs) is used to enforce guidelines such as safety. Yet, alignment fails in the face of jailbreak attacks that modify inputs to induce unsafe outputs. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jean-Charles Noirot Ferrand , Yohan Beugin , Eric Pauley , Ryan Sheatsley , Patrick McDaniel

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain susceptible to jailbreak exploits that bypass safety filters and induce harmful or unethical behavior. This work presents a systematic taxonomy of existing jailbreak defenses across prompt-level,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ryan Wong , Hosea David Yu Fei Ng , Dhananjai Sharma , Glenn Jun Jie Ng , Kavishvaran Srinivasan

Test-Time Training (TTT) is an emerging paradigm that enables models to adapt their parameters during inference, improving performance on tasks such as few-shot learning, retrieval-augmented generation, and complex reasoning. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Simone Antonelli , Sadegh Akhondzadeh , Aleksandar Bojchevski

Recently, unsupervised adversarial training (AT) has been highlighted as a means of achieving robustness in models without any label information. Previous studies in unsupervised AT have mostly focused on implementing self-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Minseon Kim , Hyeonjeong Ha , Sooel Son , Sung Ju Hwang

DL-based automatic modulation classification (AMC) models are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks, where even minimal input perturbations can cause severe misclassifications. While adversarially training an AMC model based on an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Amirmohammad Bamdad , Ali Owfi , Fatemeh Afghah

Neural networks are vulnerable to small adversarial perturbations. Existing literature largely focused on understanding and mitigating the vulnerability of learned models. In this paper, we demonstrate an intriguing phenomenon about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Gavin Weiguang Ding , Kry Yik Chau Lui , Xiaomeng Jin , Luyu Wang , Ruitong Huang

Deep neural networks are at the forefront of machine learning research. However, despite achieving impressive performance on complex tasks, they can be very sensitive: Small perturbations of inputs can be sufficient to induce incorrect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Alex Serban , Erik Poll , Joost Visser

Machine learning models are now widely deployed in real-world applications. However, the existence of adversarial examples has been long considered a real threat to such models. While numerous defenses aiming to improve the robustness have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Sahar Abdelnabi , Mario Fritz

Misaligned research objectives have considerably hindered progress in adversarial robustness research over the past decade. For instance, an extensive focus on optimizing target metrics, while neglecting rigorous standardized evaluation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Leo Schwinn , Yan Scholten , Tom Wollschläger , Sophie Xhonneux , Stephen Casper , Stephan Günnemann , Gauthier Gidel

Large language models trained for safety and harmlessness remain susceptible to adversarial misuse, as evidenced by the prevalence of "jailbreak" attacks on early releases of ChatGPT that elicit undesired behavior. Going beyond recognition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Alexander Wei , Nika Haghtalab , Jacob Steinhardt

A prevailing belief in attack and defense community is that the higher flatness of adversarial examples enables their better cross-model transferability, leading to a growing interest in employing sharpness-aware minimization and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mingyuan Fan , Xiaodan Li , Cen Chen , Wenmeng Zhou , Yaliang Li

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples--inputs with imperceptible perturbations causing misclassification. While adversarial transfer within neural networks is well-documented, whether classical ML pipelines using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Achraf Hsain , Ahmed Abdelkader , Emmanuel Baldwin Mbaya , Hamoud Aljamaan

Deep Neural Network (DNN) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. As a countermeasure, adversarial training aims to achieve robustness based on the min-max optimization problem and it has shown to be one of the most effective defense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yaxin Li , Xiaorui Liu , Han Xu , Wentao Wang , Jiliang Tang

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples -- minor perturbations added to a model's input which cause the model to output an incorrect prediction. We introduce a new method for improving the efficacy of adversarial attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Chris Miller , Soroush Vosoughi