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It has historically been a challenge to perform Bayesian inference in a design-based survey context. The present paper develops a Bayesian model for sampling inference in the presence of inverse-probability weights. We use a hierarchical…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-24 Yajuan Si , Natesh S. Pillai , Andrew Gelman

Predictive models that generalize well under distributional shift are often desirable and sometimes crucial to building robust and reliable machine learning applications. We focus on distributional shift that arises in causal inference from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-27 Fredrik D. Johansson , Nathan Kallus , Uri Shalit , David Sontag

In distributed and federated learning, heterogeneity across data sources remains a major obstacle to effective model aggregation and convergence. We focus on feature heterogeneity and introduce energy distance as a sensitive measure for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-28 Mengchen Fan , Baocheng Geng , Roman Shterenberg , Joseph A. Casey , Zhong Chen , Keren Li

In observational studies, the assumption of sufficient overlap (positivity) is fundamental for the identification and estimation of causal effects. Failing to account for this assumption yields inaccurate and potentially infeasible…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-07 Jaehyuk Jang , Suehyun Kim , Kwonsang Lee

In this paper we study the problems of estimating heterogeneity in causal effects in experimental or observational studies and conducting inference about the magnitude of the differences in treatment effects across subsets of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-08 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

In many learning problems, the training and testing data follow different distributions and a particularly common situation is the \textit{covariate shift}. To correct for sampling biases, most approaches, including the popular kernel mean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Henry Lam , Fengpei Li , Siddharth Prusty

An important step in developing individualized treatment strategies is to correctly identify subgroups of a heterogeneous population, so that specific treatment can be given to each subgroup. In this paper, we consider the situation with…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-31 Shujie Ma , Jian Huang

Combining information from multiple samples is often needed in biomedical and economic studies, but the differences between these samples must be appropriately taken into account in the analysis of the combined data. We study estimation for…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-14 Heng Shu , Zhiqiang Tan

One of the most challenging issues in federated learning is that the data is often not independent and identically distributed (nonIID). Clients are expected to contribute the same type of data and drawn from one global distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Hung Nguyen , Peiyuan Wu , Morris Chang

Conformal Predictive Systems (CPS) offer a versatile framework for constructing predictive distributions, allowing for calibrated inference and informative decision-making. However, their applicability has been limited to scenarios adhering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Jef Jonkers , Glenn Van Wallendael , Luc Duchateau , Sofie Van Hoecke

Estimating how a treatment affects different individuals, known as heterogeneous treatment effect estimation, is an important problem in empirical sciences. In the last few years, there has been a considerable interest in adapting machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Christopher Tran , Keith Burghardt , Kristina Lerman , Elena Zheleva

In observational studies, propensity scores are commonly estimated by maxi- mum likelihood but may fail to balance high-dimensional pre-treatment covariates even after specification search. We introduce a general framework that unifies and…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-22 Qingyuan Zhao

Gradient boosting of regression trees is a competitive procedure for learning predictive models of continuous data that fits the data with an additive non-parametric model. The classic version of gradient boosting assumes that the data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Iman Alodah , Jennifer Neville

When assessing the causal effect of a binary exposure using observational data, confounder imbalance across exposure arms must be addressed. Matching methods, including propensity score-based matching, can be used to deconfound the causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-01 Ernesto Ulloa-Pérez , Marco Carone , Alex Luedtke

We propose a new estimation method for heterogeneous causal effects which utilizes a regression discontinuity (RD) design for multiple datasets with different thresholds. The standard RD design is frequently used in applied researches, but…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-05-14 Takayuki Toda , Ayako Wakano , Takahiro Hoshino

The limited representation of minorities and disadvantaged populations in large-scale clinical and genomics research has become a barrier to translating precision medicine research into practice. Due to heterogeneity across populations,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-30 Sai Li , Tianxi Cai , Rui Duan

In test equating, ensuring score comparability across different test forms is crucial but particularly challenging when test groups are non-equivalent and no anchor test is available. Local test equating aims to satisfy Lord's equity…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-10 Gabriel Wallin , Marie Wiberg

Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity is vital for scientific and policy research. However, identifying and evaluating heterogeneous treatment effects pose significant challenges due to the typically unknown subgroup structure.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-05 Kwangho Kim , Jisu Kim , Larry A. Wasserman , Edward H. Kennedy

Comparative meta-analyses of groups of subjects by integrating multiple observational studies rely on estimated propensity scores (PSs) to mitigate covariate imbalances. However, PS estimation grapples with the theoretical and practical…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-09 Subharup Guha , Yi Li

An inference procedure is proposed to provide consistent estimators of parameters in a modal regression model with a covariate prone to measurement error. A score-based diagnostic tool exploiting parametric bootstrap is developed to assess…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Qingyang Liu , Xianzheng Huang