Related papers: Gauge Invariance through Gauge Fixing
The world appears to be well described by gauge theories; why? I suggest that gauge is more than mathematical redundancy. Gauge-dependent quantities can not be predicted, but there is a sense in which they can be measured. They describe…
This study proposes that all the known fundamental forces including gravity may be described by local gauge theories. Gravitational, electroweak, and strong interactions on length scales from 10^{-33} cm to 10^{28} cm are systematically…
Gauge fixing may be done in different ways. We show that using the chain structure to describe a constrained system, enables us to use either a perfect gauge, in which all gauged degrees of freedom are determined; or an imperfect gauge, in…
The interpretations of solutions of Einstein field's equations led to the prediction and the observation of physical phenomena which confirm the important role of general relativity, as well as other relativistic theories in physics. In…
The gauge symmetry is one of the most important concepts in modern physics, but there are two conflicting views on its meaning or interpretation. The standard view is that local gauge symmetry is the basis of the pursue of fundamental…
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. However it is well known that when certain quantities are calculated using perturbation theory the results are not gauge invariant. The non-gauge invariant terms have to be removed in…
Previous analyses on the gauge invariance of the action for a generally covariant system are generalized. It is shown that if the action principle is properly improved, there is as much gauge freedom at the endpoints for an arbitrary gauge…
Theoretical descriptions of observable quantities in cosmological perturbation theory should be independent of coordinate systems. This statement is often referred to as gauge-invariance of observable quantities, and the sanity of their…
The concept of gauge invariance can be considered one of the most subtle and useful concept in theoretical physics since it can permit the comprehension of difficult systems in physics with an arbitrary choice of a reference frame at every…
Recent years have seen strong progress in quantum simulation of gauge-theory dynamics using ultracold-atom experiments. A principal challenge in these efforts is the certification of gauge invariance, which has recently been realized in…
It is shown that in semi-classical electrodynamics, which describes how electrically charged particles move according to the laws of quantum mechanics under the influence of a prescribed classical electromagnetic field, only a restricted…
We show how the widely used concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking can be explained in causal perturbation theory by introducing a perturbative version of quantum gauge invariance. Perturbative gauge invariance, formulated exclusively by…
A new representation of the scalar electrodynamics is discovered which gives a more redundant description of electromagnetic theory and suitable to construct an appropriate matter action which contains two global symmetries . The symmetries…
For gauge theory, the matrix element for any physical process is independent of the gauge used. Since this is a formal statement and examples are known where gauge invariance is violated, for any specific process this gauge invariance needs…
I review the state of the art of the investigation on the structure formation in $f(R)$-gravity based on the Covariant and Gauge Invariant approach to perturbations. A critical analysis of the results, in particular the presence of…
This thesis is about conceptual aspects of gauge theories. Gauge theories lie at the heart of modern physics: in particular, they constitute the standard model of particle physics. At its simplest, the idea of gauge is that nature is best…
The aim of the present article is to give physical meaning to the ingredients of standard gauge field theory in the framework of the scale relativity theory. Owing to the principle of the relativity of scales, the scale-space is not…
We reevaluate the status of the gauge principle and reposition it as an intermediary structure dependent on the initial conditions we endow on our theory. We explore how the gauge symmetry manifests in the context of basic quantum…
The Hubble tension cast a blight on the standard cosmology. As a possible attitude to the problem, the local variation of the expansion rate in an inhomogeneous cosmology has been proposed where the spatial averaging over a finite domain…
The issue of the physical equivalence between the different coordinate system in Einstein theory is revised. Gauge fixing influences results of measurements and physics are different in two different coordinate system. Spacetime metric…