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We present in this paper a new architecture, named Convolutional vision Transformer (CvT), that improves Vision Transformer (ViT) in performance and efficiency by introducing convolutions into ViT to yield the best of both designs. This is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Haiping Wu , Bin Xiao , Noel Codella , Mengchen Liu , Xiyang Dai , Lu Yuan , Lei Zhang

EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have shown promise in various applications, such as motor imagery and cognitive state monitoring. However, decoding visual representations from EEG signals remains a significant challenge due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Tariq Mehmood , Hamza Ahmad , Muhammad Haroon Shakeel , Murtaza Taj

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) based on motor imagery translate mental motor images recognized from the electroencephalogram (EEG) to control commands. EEG patterns of different imagination tasks, e.g. hand and foot movements, are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-27 Alessandro Bria , Claudio Marrocco , Francesco Tortorella

The extension of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to non-Euclidean geometries has led to multiple frameworks for studying manifolds. Many of those methods have shown design limitations resulting in poor modelling of long-range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Simon Dahan , Logan Z. J. Williams , Abdulah Fawaz , Daniel Rueckert , Emma C. Robinson

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals reflect activities on certain brain areas. Effective classification of time-varying EEG signals is still challenging. First, EEG signal processing and feature engineering are time-consuming and highly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Yunhao Liu

EEG-based fatigue monitoring can effectively reduce the incidence of related traffic accidents. In the past decade, with the advancement of deep learning, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been increasingly used for EEG signal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Meiyan Xu , Qingqing Chen , Duo Chen , Yi Ding , Jingyuan Wang , Peipei Gu , Yijie Pan , Deshuang Huang , Xun Zhang , Jiayang Guo

Cross-subject motor imagery (CS-MI) classification in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) is a challenging task due to the significant variability in Electroencephalography (EEG) patterns across different individuals. This variability often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ahmed G. Habashi , Ahmed M. Azab , Seif Eldawlatly , Gamal M. Aly

Towards developing effective and efficient brain-computer interface (BCI) systems, precise decoding of brain activity measured by electroencephalogram (EEG), is highly demanded. Traditional works classify EEG signals without considering the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-19 Yimin Hou , Shuyue Jia , Xiangmin Lun , Ziqian Hao , Yan Shi , Yang Li , Rui Zeng , Jinglei Lv

In this study, a novel open-source brain-computer interface (BCI) platform was developed to decode scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signals associated with sustained attention. The EEG signal collection was conducted using a wireless…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-08 Maryam Norouzi , Mohammad Zaeri Amirani , Yalda Shahriari , Reza Abiri

Age estimation from facial images is a complex and multifaceted challenge in computer vision. In this study, we present a novel hybrid architecture that combines ConvNeXt, a state-of-the-art advancement of convolutional neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Gaby Maroun , Salah Eddine Bekhouche , Fadi Dornaika

Recently, the efficient deployment and acceleration of powerful vision transformers (ViTs) on resource-limited edge devices for providing multimedia services have become attractive tasks. Although early exiting is a feasible solution for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Guanyu Xu , Jiawei Hao , Li Shen , Han Hu , Yong Luo , Hui Lin , Jialie Shen

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system provides a pathway between humans and the outside world by analyzing brain signals which contain potential neural information. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of most commonly used brain signals and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-07 Xian-Rui Zhang , Meng-Ying Lei , Yang Li

Electroencephalography (EEG) classification is a versatile and portable technique for building non-invasive Brain-computer Interfaces (BCI). However, the classifiers that decode cognitive states from EEG brain data perform poorly when…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-25 Anupam Sharma , Krishna Miyapuram

The main challenges of using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to make eye-tracking (ET) predictions are the differences in distributional patterns between benchmark data and real-world data and the noise resulting from the unintended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Brian Xiang , Abdelrahman Abdelmonsef

The exponential growth of multivariate time series data from sensor networks in domains like industrial monitoring and smart cities requires efficient and accurate forecasting models. Current deep learning methods often fail to adequately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xinxing Zhou , Jiaqi Ye , Shubao Zhao , Ming Jin , Chengyi Yang , Yanlong Wen , Xiaojie Yuan

The analysis of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in magnetoencephalography (MEG) or electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings represents a critical component in the diagnosis of epilepsy. However, manual analysis of these IEDs, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Kuntao Xiao , Xiongfei Wang , Pengfei Teng , Yi Sun , Yong Zhang , Wanli Yang , Zikang Xu , Liang Zhang , Hanyang Dong , Guoming Luan , Shurong Sheng

Learning the spatial topology of electroencephalogram (EEG) channels and their temporal dynamics is crucial for decoding attention states. This paper introduces EEG-PatchFormer, a transformer-based deep learning framework designed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Yi Ding , Joon Hei Lee , Shuailei Zhang , Tianze Luo , Cuntai Guan

Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most common signals used to capture the electrical activity of the brain, and the decoding of EEG, to acquire the user intents, has been at the forefront of brain-computer/machine interfaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Haodong Zhang , Hongqi Li

In recent years, the Vision Transformer (ViT) has garnered significant attention within the computer vision community. However, the core component of ViT, Self-Attention, lacks explicit spatial priors and suffers from quadratic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qihang Fan , Huaibo Huang , Mingrui Chen , Hongmin Liu , Ran He

Most EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) require a considerable amount of training data to calibrate the classification model, owing to the high variability in the EEG data, which manifests itself between participants, but also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Oleksandr Zlatov , Benjamin Blankertz