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Diffusion models have become a leading framework in generative modeling, yet their theoretical understanding -- especially for high-dimensional data concentrated on low-dimensional structures -- remains incomplete. This paper investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zixuan Zhang , Kaixuan Huang , Tuo Zhao , Mengdi Wang , Minshuo Chen

Resampling from a target measure whose density is unknown is a fundamental problem in mathematical statistics and machine learning. A setting that dominates the machine learning literature consists of learning a map from an easy-to-sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Leticia Mattos Da Silva , Silvia Sellán , Francisco Vargas , Justin Solomon

Denoising diffusion models have recently emerged as a powerful class of generative models. They provide state-of-the-art results, not only for unconditional simulation, but also when used to solve conditional simulation problems arising in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-28 Yuyang Shi , Valentin De Bortoli , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

We consider the task of generating discrete-time realisations of a nonlinear multivariate diffusion process satisfying an It\^o stochastic differential equation conditional on an observation taken at a fixed future time-point. Such…

Computation · Statistics 2016-04-26 Gavin A. Whitaker , Andrew Golightly , Richard J. Boys , Chris Sherlock

We construct a generalization of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes on the cone of covariance matrices endowed with the Log-Euclidean and the Affine-Invariant metrics. Our development exploits the Riemannian geometric structure of symmetric…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-18 Mai Ngoc Bui , Yvo Pokern , Petros Dellaportas

Under the data manifold hypothesis, high-dimensional data are concentrated near a low-dimensional manifold. We study the problem of Riemannian optimization over such manifolds when they are given only implicitly through the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Andrey Kharitenko , Zebang Shen , Riccardo de Santi , Niao He , Florian Doerfler

Graph diffusion models have made significant progress in learning structured graph data and have demonstrated strong potential for predictive tasks. Existing approaches typically embed node, edge, and graph-level features into a unified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yisen Gao , Xingcheng Fu , Qingyun Sun , Jianxin Li , Xianxian Li

In this work, we look at Score-based generative models (also called diffusion generative models) from a geometric perspective. From a new view point, we prove that both the forward and backward process of adding noise and generating from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Sandesh Ghimire , Jinyang Liu , Armand Comas , Davin Hill , Aria Masoomi , Octavia Camps , Jennifer Dy

Diffusion models excel in content generation by implicitly learning the data manifold, yet they lack a practical method to leverage this manifold - unlike other deep generative models equipped with latent spaces. This paper introduces a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Shinnosuke Saito , Takashi Matsubara

We study the theoretical behavior of denoising score matching--the learning task associated to diffusion models--when the data distribution is supported on a low-dimensional manifold and the score is parameterized using a random feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Anand Jerry George , Nicolas Macris

Flow matching and diffusion bridge models have emerged as leading paradigms in generative speech enhancement, modeling stochastic processes between paired noisy and clean speech signals based on principles such as flow matching, score…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Dahan Wang , Jun Gao , Tong Lei , Yuxiang Hu , Changbao Zhu , Kai Chen , Jing Lu

Given an unconditional diffusion model targeting a joint model $\pi(x, y)$, using it to perform conditional simulation $\pi(x \mid y)$ is still largely an open question and is typically achieved by learning conditional drifts to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-21 Adrien Corenflos , Zheng Zhao , Simo Särkkä , Jens Sjölund , Thomas B. Schön

In this study, we introduce a novel method for generating new synthetic samples that are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) from high-dimensional real-valued probability distributions, as defined implicitly by a set of Ground…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-09 Hamidreza Behjoo , Michael Chertkov

Stochastic processes of bridge types having pinned initial and terminal conditions have been widely used in applied research areas, but they all have a common drawback in that the model at hand is possibly misspecified owing to its…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Hidekazu Yoshioka

Recently, a series of papers proposed deep learning-based approaches to sample from target distributions using controlled diffusion processes, being trained only on the unnormalized target densities without access to samples. Building on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Lorenz Richter , Julius Berner

Stochastic differential equations provide a powerful tool for modelling dynamic phenomena affected by random noise. In case of repeated observations of time series for several experimental units, it is often the case that some of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-06 Fernando Baltazar-Larios , Mogens Bladt , Michael Sørensen

We introduce a methodology for performing parameter inference in high-dimensional, non-linear diffusion processes. We illustrate its applicability for obtaining insights into the evolution of and relationships between species, including…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-15 Nicklas Boserup , Gefan Yang , Michael Lind Severinsen , Christy Anna Hipsley , Stefan Sommer

Score-based methods, such as diffusion models and Bayesian inverse problems, are often interpreted as learning the data distribution in the low-noise limit ($\sigma \to 0$). In this work, we propose an alternative perspective: their success…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Xiang Li , Zebang Shen , Ya-Ping Hsieh , Niao He

Score-based generative models (SGMs) are a powerful class of generative models that exhibit remarkable empirical performance. Score-based generative modelling (SGM) consists of a ``noising'' stage, whereby a diffusion is used to gradually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Valentin De Bortoli , Emile Mathieu , Michael Hutchinson , James Thornton , Yee Whye Teh , Arnaud Doucet

Computing sample means on Riemannian manifolds is typically computationally costly as exemplified by computation of the Fr\'echet mean which often requires finding minimizing geodesics to each data point for each step of an iterative…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-25 Mathias Højgaard Jensen , Stefan Sommer