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We present the design and implementation of PolyBlocks, a modular and reusable MLIR-based compiler infrastructure for AI programming frameworks and AI chips. PolyBlocks is based on pass pipelines that compose transformations on loop nests…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Uday Bondhugula , Akshay Baviskar , Navdeep Katel , Vimal Patel , Anoop JS , Arnab Dutta

We present an end-to-end open-source compiler toolchain that targets synthesizable SystemVerilog from ML models written in PyTorch. Our toolchain leverages the accelerator design language Allo, the hardware intermediate representation (IR)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiahan Xie , Evan Williams , Adrian Sampson

Modern AI workloads rely heavily on optimized computing kernels for both training and inference. These AI kernels follow well-defined data-flow patterns, such as moving tiles between DRAM and SRAM and performing a sequence of computations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Lei Wang , Yu Cheng , Yining Shi , Zhengju Tang , Zhiwen Mo , Wenhao Xie , Lingxiao Ma , Yuqing Xia , Jilong Xue , Fan Yang , Zhi Yang

Sparse tensors arise in problems in science, engineering, machine learning, and data analytics. Programs that operate on such tensors can exploit sparsity to reduce storage requirements and computational time. Developing and maintaining…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Aart J. C. Bik , Penporn Koanantakool , Tatiana Shpeisman , Nicolas Vasilache , Bixia Zheng , Fredrik Kjolstad

This work introduces TapirXLA, a replacement for TensorFlow's XLA compiler that embeds recursive fork-join parallelism into XLA's low-level representation of code. Machine-learning applications rely on efficient parallel processing to…

Performance · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Tao B. Schardl , Siddharth Samsi

Portability, performance, and productivity are three critical dimensions for evaluating a programming model or compiler infrastructure. Several modern programming models for computational science focus on performance and portability. On the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Brian Kelley , Sivasankaran Rajamanickam

Traditional compilers operate on a single generic intermediate representation (IR). These IRs are usually low-level and close to machine instructions. As a result, optimizations relying on domain-specific information are either not possible…

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently at scale presents a formidable challenge, driven by their ever-increasing computational demands and the need for enhanced performance. In this work, we introduce Liger-Kernel, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Pin-Lun Hsu , Yun Dai , Vignesh Kothapalli , Qingquan Song , Shao Tang , Siyu Zhu , Steven Shimizu , Shivam Sahni , Haowen Ning , Yanning Chen

Optimizing deep learning models is generally performed in two steps: (i) high-level graph optimizations such as kernel fusion and (ii) low level kernel optimizations such as those found in vendor libraries. This approach often leaves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Pratik Fegade , Tianqi Chen , Phillip B. Gibbons , Todd C. Mowry

As the capabilities of quantum computing hardware continue to rise, algorithms that exploit them are becoming increasingly complex. These developments increase the need for sophisticated compilation frameworks that translate high-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Lukas Burgholzer , Daniel Haag , Yannick Stade , Damian Rovara , Patrick Hopf , Robert Wille

Large-scale deep learning benefits from an emerging class of AI accelerators. Some of these accelerators' designs are general enough for compute-intensive applications beyond AI and Cloud TPU is one such example. In this paper, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Kun Yang , Yi-Fan Chen , Georgios Roumpos , Chris Colby , John Anderson

Software packages like TensorFlow and PyTorch are designed to support linear algebra operations, and their speed and usability determine their success. However, by prioritising speed, they often neglect memory requirements. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Artem Artemev , Tilman Roeder , Mark van der Wilk

Tensor algebra is widely used in many applications, such as scientific computing, machine learning, and data analytics. The tensors represented real-world data are usually large and sparse. There are tens of storage formats designed for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Ruiqin Tian , Luanzheng Guo , Jiajia Li , Bin Ren , Gokcen Kestor

Deep Learning (DL) libraries like TensorFlow and Pytorch simplify machine learning (ML) model development but are prone to bugs due to their complex design. Bug-finding techniques exist, but without precise API specifications, they produce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Facundo Molina , M M Abid Naziri , Feiran Qin , Alessandra Gorla , Marcelo d'Amorim

With the slowing of Moore's Law, heterogeneous computing platforms such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have gained increasing interest for accelerating HPC workloads. In this work we present, to the best of our knowledge, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Gabriel Rodriguez-Canal , David Katz , Nick Brown

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow in size, distributed inference has become increasingly important. Model-parallel strategies must now efficiently scale not only across multiple GPUs but also across multiple nodes. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Prajwal Singhania , Siddharth Singh , Lannie Dalton Hough , Akarsh Srivastava , Harshitha Menon , Charles Fredrick Jekel , Abhinav Bhatele

In the era of diminishing returns from Moores Law, heterogeneous computing systems have emerged as a vital approach to enhance computational efficiency. This paper introduces a novel MLIR-based dialect, named hyper, designed to optimize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhiyuan Tan , Liutong Han , Mingjie Xing , Yanjun Wu

Large language model (LLM) inference has been a prevalent demand in daily life and industries. The large tensor sizes and computing complexities in LLMs have brought challenges to memory, computing, and databus. This paper proposes a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yimin Wang , Yue Jiet Chong , Xuanyao Fong

Interest in deploying Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference on edge devices has resulted in an explosion of the number and types of hardware platforms to use. While the high-level programming interface, such as TensorFlow, can be readily…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Upasana Sridhar , Nicholai Tukanov , Elliott Binder , Tze Meng Low , Scott McMillan , Martin D. Schatz

In recent years, various computing-in-memory (CIM) processors have been presented, showing superior performance over traditional architectures. To unleash the potential of various CIM architectures, such as device precision, crossbar size,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Songyun Qu , Shixin Zhao , Bing Li , Yintao He , Xuyi Cai , Lei Zhang , Ying Wang