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Building robots that can perceive, reason, and act in dynamic, unstructured environments remains a core challenge. Recent embodied systems often adopt a dual-system paradigm, where System 2 handles high-level reasoning while System 1…

Imitation learning is a popular approach for teaching motor skills to robots. However, most approaches focus on extracting policy parameters from execution traces alone (i.e., motion trajectories and perceptual data). No adequate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Simon Stepputtis , Joseph Campbell , Mariano Phielipp , Stefan Lee , Chitta Baral , Heni Ben Amor

Existing human motion Q\&A methods rely on explicit program execution, where the requirement for manually defined functional modules may limit the scalability and adaptability. To overcome this, we propose an implicit program-guided motion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Chen Li , Chinthani Sugandhika , Yeo Keat Ee , Eric Peh , Hao Zhang , Hong Yang , Deepu Rajan , Basura Fernando

Performing complex tasks in open environments remains challenging for robots, even when using large language models (LLMs) as the core planner. Many LLM-based planners are inefficient due to their large number of parameters and prone to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Wenhao Sun , Sai Hou , Zixuan Wang , Bo Yu , Shaoshan Liu , Xu Yang , Shuai Liang , Yiming Gan , Yinhe Han

Machine learning has long since become a keystone technology, accelerating science and applications in a broad range of domains. Consequently, the notion of applying learning methods to a particular problem set has become an established and…

Given a natural language instruction and an input scene, our goal is to train a model to output a manipulation program that can be executed by the robot. Prior approaches for this task possess one of the following limitations: (i) rely on…

Embodied agents operating in household environments must interpret ambiguous and under-specified human instructions. A capable household robot should recognize ambiguity and ask relevant clarification questions to infer the user intent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ram Ramrakhya , Matthew Chang , Xavier Puig , Ruta Desai , Zsolt Kira , Roozbeh Mottaghi

Humans can effortlessly perform very complex, dexterous manipulation tasks by reacting to sensor observations. In contrast, robots can not perform reactive manipulation and they mostly operate in open-loop while interacting with their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yuki Shirai , Devesh K. Jha , Arvind U. Raghunathan , Dennis Hong

Successful and effective communication between humans and AI relies on a shared experience of the world. By training solely on written text, current language models (LMs) miss the grounded experience of humans in the real-world -- their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Ruibo Liu , Jason Wei , Shixiang Shane Gu , Te-Yen Wu , Soroush Vosoughi , Claire Cui , Denny Zhou , Andrew M. Dai

Robotic manipulation in cluttered environments presents a critical challenge for automation. Recent large-scale, end-to-end models demonstrate impressive capabilities but often lack the data efficiency and modularity required for retrieving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Chrisantus Eze , Ryan C Julian , Christopher Crick

In this paper, we propose GTA-VLA(Guide, Think, Act), an interactive Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework that enables spatially steerable embodied reasoning by allowing users to guide robot policies with explicit visual cues. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yiran Ling , Qing Lian , Jinghang Li , Qing Jiang , Tianming Zhang , Xiaoke Jiang , Chuanxiu Liu , Jie Liu , Lei Zhang

Embodiment is an important characteristic for all intelligent agents (creatures and robots), while existing scene description tasks mainly focus on analyzing images passively and the semantic understanding of the scenario is separated from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Sinan Tan , Huaping Liu , Di Guo , Xinyu Zhang , Fuchun Sun

Soft robotic manipulators offer operational advantage due to their compliant and deformable structures. However, their inherently nonlinear dynamics presents substantial challenges. Traditional analytical methods often depend on simplifying…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Uljad Berdica , Matthew Jackson , Niccolò Enrico Veronese , Jakob Foerster , Perla Maiolino

How can we imbue robots with the ability to manipulate objects precisely but also to reason about them in terms of abstract concepts? Recent works in manipulation have shown that end-to-end networks can learn dexterous skills that require…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Mohit Shridhar , Lucas Manuelli , Dieter Fox

Despite significant progress in natural language understanding, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain error-prone when performing logical reasoning, often lacking the robust mental representations that enable human-like comprehension. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 François Olivier , Zied Bouraoui

Natural language serves as the primary mode of communication when an intelligent agent with a physical presence engages with human beings. While a plethora of research focuses on natural language understanding (NLU), encompassing endeavors…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Chayan Sarkar , Avik Mitra , Pradip Pramanick , Tapas Nayak

Recent advanced vision-language models(VLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on passive, offline image and video understanding tasks. However, their effectiveness in embodied settings, which require online interaction and active scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Mingxian Lin , Wei Huang , Yitang Li , Chengjie Jiang , Kui Wu , Fangwei Zhong , Shengju Qian , Xin Wang , Xiaojuan Qi

In embodied AI, visual perception should be active rather than passive: the system must decide where to look and at what scale to sense to acquire maximally informative data under pixel and spatial budget constraints. Existing vision models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiashu Yang , Yifan Han , Yucheng Xie , Ning Guo , Wenzhao Lian

Embodied artificial intelligence (Embodied AI) plays a pivotal role in the application of advanced technologies in the intelligent era, where AI systems are integrated with physical bodies that enable them to perceive, reason, and interact…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhaohan Feng , Ruiqi Xue , Lei Yuan , Yang Yu , Ning Ding , Meiqin Liu , Bingzhao Gao , Jian Sun , Xinhu Zheng , Gang Wang

Under pure textual modality, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in complex reasoning tasks by decomposing them into simpler sub-problems. However, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) still struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jingming Liu , Yumeng Li , Boyuan Xiao , Yichang Jian , Ziang Qin , Tianjia Shao , Yao-Xiang Ding , Kun Zhou