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We study whether automatically-induced prompts that effectively extract information from a language model can also be used, out-of-the-box, to probe other language models for the same information. After confirming that discrete prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Nathanaël Carraz Rakotonirina , Roberto Dessì , Fabio Petroni , Sebastian Riedel , Marco Baroni

The recent release of very large language models such as PaLM and GPT-4 has made an unprecedented impact in the popular media and public consciousness, giving rise to a mixture of excitement and fear as to their capabilities and potential…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance across a variety of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and natural language processing tasks, such as content creation, report generation, etc. However, unregulated malign application…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Harika Abburi , Michael Suesserman , Nirmala Pudota , Balaji Veeramani , Edward Bowen , Sanmitra Bhattacharya

Automated testing tools typically create test cases that are different from what human testers create. This often makes the tools less effective, the created tests harder to understand, and thus results in tools providing less support to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Eduard Enoiu , Robert Feldt

With significant advances in generative AI, new technologies are rapidly being deployed with generative components. Generative models are typically trained on large datasets, resulting in model behaviors that can mimic the worst of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Susan Hao , Piyush Kumar , Sarah Laszlo , Shivani Poddar , Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Renee Shelby

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across various domains but often lack fairness considerations, potentially leading to discriminatory outcomes against marginalized populations. Unlike fairness in traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Thang Doan Viet , Zichong Wang , Minh Nhat Nguyen , Wenbin Zhang

Large language models (LM) generate remarkably fluent text and can be efficiently adapted across NLP tasks. Measuring and guaranteeing the quality of generated text in terms of safety is imperative for deploying LMs in the real world; to…

Fairness in deep learning models trained with high-dimensional inputs and subjective labels remains a complex and understudied area. Facial emotion recognition, a domain where datasets are often racially imbalanced, can lead to models that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Alex Fan , Xingshuo Xiao , Peter Washington

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced interactions between users and models. These advancements concurrently underscore the need for rigorous safety evaluations due to the manifestation of social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Dahyun Jung , Seungyoon Lee , Hyeonseok Moon , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Language model prompt optimization research has shown that semantically and grammatically well-formed manually crafted prompts are routinely outperformed by automatically generated token sequences with no apparent meaning or syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Corentin Kervadec , Francesca Franzon , Marco Baroni

Automated scoring of open-ended student responses has the potential to significantly reduce human grader effort. Recent advances in automated scoring often leverage textual representations based on pre-trained language models such as BERT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Nigel Fernandez , Aritra Ghosh , Naiming Liu , Zichao Wang , Benoît Choffin , Richard Baraniuk , Andrew Lan

BERT and its variants are extensively explored for automated scoring. However, a limit of 512 tokens for these encoder-based models showed the deficiency in automated scoring of long essays. Thus, this research explores generative language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Haowei Hua , Hong Jiao , Xinyi Wang

Recently, there has been a surge in the use of generated data to enhance the performance of downstream models, largely due to the advancements in pre-trained language models. However, most prevailing methods trained generative and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Tong Wu , Hao Wang , Zhongshen Zeng , Wei Wang , Hai-Tao Zheng , Jiaxing Zhang

Much recent work in NLP has documented dataset artifacts, bias, and spurious correlations between input features and output labels. However, how to tell which features have "spurious" instead of legitimate correlations is typically left…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Matt Gardner , William Merrill , Jesse Dodge , Matthew E. Peters , Alexis Ross , Sameer Singh , Noah A. Smith

This paper presents an automatic method to evaluate the naturalness of natural language generation in dialogue systems. While this task was previously rendered through expensive and time-consuming human labor, we present this novel task of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Ye Liu , Wolfgang Maier , Wolfgang Minker , Stefan Ultes

Understanding and removing bias from the decisions made by machine learning models is essential to avoid discrimination against unprivileged groups. Despite recent progress in algorithmic fairness, there is still no clear answer as to which…

Dependability on AI models is of utmost importance to ensure full acceptance of the AI systems. One of the key aspects of the dependable AI system is to ensure that all its decisions are fair and not biased towards any individual. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Aniya Agarwal , Pranay Lohia , Seema Nagar , Kuntal Dey , Diptikalyan Saha

Language models (LM) are becoming prevalent in many language-based application spaces globally. Although these LMs are improving our day-to-day interactions with digital products, concerns remain whether open-ended languages or text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Akhter Al Amin , Kazi Sinthia Kabir

Large language models are widely used across domains, yet there are concerns about their factual reliability and biases. Factual knowledge probing offers a systematic means to evaluate these aspects. Most existing benchmarks focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Evren Ayberk Munis , Deniz Yılmaz , Arianna Muti , Çağrı Toraman

Text-to-image generation models have recently achieved astonishing results in image quality, flexibility, and text alignment, and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. Through improvements in multilingual…