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Despite the strong language understanding abilities of large language models (LLMs), they still struggle with reliable question answering (QA) over long, structured documents, particularly for numerical reasoning. Financial annual reports…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yi-Cheng Wang , Wei-An Wang , Chu-Song Chen

Built upon the existing analysis of retrieval heads in large language models, we propose an alternative reranking framework that trains models to estimate passage-query relevance using the attention scores of selected heads. This approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuqing Li , Jiangnan Li , Mo Yu , Guoxuan Ding , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang , Jie Zhou

We present MCQA, a learning-based algorithm for multimodal question answering. MCQA explicitly fuses and aligns the multimodal input (i.e. text, audio, and video), which forms the context for the query (question and answer). Our approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Abhishek Kumar , Trisha Mittal , Dinesh Manocha

Document-based question answering (QA) increasingly includes abstract questions that require synthesizing scattered information from long documents or across multiple documents into coherent answers. However, this setting is still poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shu Wang , Shansong Zhou , Xinyang Wang , Shiwei Wang , Hulong Wu , Yixiang Fang

A search query consists of several words. In a proximity full-text search, we want to find documents that contain these words near each other. This task requires much time when the query consists of high-frequently occurring words. If we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Alexander B. Veretennikov

In this paper, we study machine reading comprehension (MRC) on long texts, where a model takes as inputs a lengthy document and a question and then extracts a text span from the document as an answer. State-of-the-art models tend to use a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Hongyu Gong , Yelong Shen , Dian Yu , Jianshu Chen , Dong Yu

Most organizational data in this world are stored as documents, and visual retrieval plays a crucial role in unlocking the collective intelligence from all these documents. However, existing benchmarks focus on English-only document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jian Chen , Ming Li , Jihyung Kil , Chenguang Wang , Tong Yu , Ryan Rossi , Tianyi Zhou , Changyou Chen , Ruiyi Zhang

Differentiable Search Index is a recently proposed paradigm for document retrieval, that encodes information about a corpus of documents within the parameters of a neural network and directly maps queries to corresponding documents. These…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Varsha Kishore , Chao Wan , Justin Lovelace , Yoav Artzi , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Retrieval question answering (ReQA) is the task of retrieving a sentence-level answer to a question from an open corpus (Ahmad et al.,2019).This paper presents MultiReQA, anew multi-domain ReQA evaluation suite com-posed of eight retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Mandy Guo , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer , Qinlan Shen , Noah Constant

Current state-of-the-art document retrieval solutions mainly follow an index-retrieve paradigm, where the index is hard to be directly optimized for the final retrieval target. In this paper, we aim to show that an end-to-end deep neural…

Multimodal document question answering requires retrieving dispersed evidence from visually rich long documents and performing reliable reasoning over heterogeneous information. Existing multimodal RAG systems remain limited by two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jiashu Yang , Chi Zhang , Abudukelimu Wuerkaixi , Xuxin Cheng , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Xu Jia , Xunliang Cai

Many computational linguistic methods have been proposed to study the information content of languages. We consider two interesting research questions: 1) how is information distributed over long documents, and 2) how does content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Shaoxiong Ji , Wei Sun , Pekka Marttinen

We propose ReKV, a novel training-free approach that enables efficient streaming video question-answering (StreamingVQA), by seamlessly integrating with existing Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs). Traditional VideoQA systems struggle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shangzhe Di , Zhelun Yu , Guanghao Zhang , Haoyuan Li , Tao Zhong , Hao Cheng , Bolin Li , Wanggui He , Fangxun Shu , Hao Jiang

We propose a simple and efficient multi-hop dense retrieval approach for answering complex open-domain questions, which achieves state-of-the-art performance on two multi-hop datasets, HotpotQA and multi-evidence FEVER. Contrary to previous…

Document Visual Question Answering (VQA) aims to understand visually-rich documents to answer questions in natural language, which is an emerging research topic for both Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Fengbin Zhu , Wenqiang Lei , Fuli Feng , Chao Wang , Haozhou Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

We present a new dataset for Visual Question Answering (VQA) on document images called DocVQA. The dataset consists of 50,000 questions defined on 12,000+ document images. Detailed analysis of the dataset in comparison with similar datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Minesh Mathew , Dimosthenis Karatzas , C. V. Jawahar

To enable building and testing models on long-document comprehension, we introduce QuALITY, a multiple-choice QA dataset with context passages in English that have an average length of about 5,000 tokens, much longer than typical current…

Long-context modeling capabilities have garnered widespread attention, leading to the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) with ultra-context windows. Meanwhile, benchmarks for evaluating long-context LLMs are gradually catching up.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Minzheng Wang , Longze Chen , Cheng Fu , Shengyi Liao , Xinghua Zhang , Bingli Wu , Haiyang Yu , Nan Xu , Lei Zhang , Run Luo , Yunshui Li , Min Yang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Document question answering is a task of question answering on given documents such as reports, slides, pamphlets, and websites, and it is a truly demanding task as paper and electronic forms of documents are so common in our society. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Eri Onami , Shuhei Kurita , Taiki Miyanishi , Taro Watanabe

Video question answering that requires external knowledge beyond the visual content remains a significant challenge in AI systems. While models can effectively answer questions based on direct visual observations, they often falter when…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Md Zarif Ul Alam , Hamed Zamani