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Finding ground states of quantum many-body systems is known to be hard for both classical and quantum computers. As a result, when Nature cools a quantum system in a low-temperature thermal bath, the ground state cannot always be found…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-29 Chi-Fang Chen , Hsin-Yuan Huang , John Preskill , Leo Zhou

The method of positive commutators, developed for zero temperature problems over the last twenty years, has been an essential tool in the spectral analysis of Hamiltonians in quantum mechanics. We extend this method to positive…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Marco Merkli

In this article we investigate the long time behavior of solutions to a class of infinitely many master equations defined from transition rates that are suitable for the description of a quantum system approaching thermodynamical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-11-22 Sabine Bögli , Pierre-A. Vuillermot

Local master equations are a widespread tool to model open quantum systems, especially in the context of many-body systems. These equations, however, are believed to lead to thermodynamic anomalies and violation of the laws of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-23 Adam Hewgill , Gabriele De Chiara , Alberto Imparato

We present a control scheme for quantum systems coupled to a thermal bath. We demonstrate state-to-state control between two Gibbs states. This scheme can be used to accelerate thermalization and cool the open system. Starting from a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-11 Roie Dann , Ander Tobalina , Ronnie Kosloff

Temperature is a deceptively simple concept that still raises deep questions at the forefront of quantum physics research. The observation of thermalisation in completely isolated quantum systems, such as cold-atom quantum simulators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-09 Mark T. Mitchison , Archak Purkayastha , Marlon Brenes , Alessandro Silva , John Goold

Quantum Gibbs state sampling algorithms generally suffer from either scaling exponentially with system size or requiring specific knowledge of spectral properties \textit{a priori}. Also, these algorithms require a large overhead of bath or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-02 Jeffrey Cohn , Khadijeh Sona Najafi , Forest Yang , Barbara Jones , James K. Freericks

A key issue of current quantum advantage experiments is that their verification requires a full classical simulation of the ideal computation. This limits the regime in which the experiments can be verified to precisely the regime in which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Abhinav Deshpande , Bill Fefferman , Soumik Ghosh , Michael Gullans , Dominik Hangleiter

Proving thermalization from the unitary evolution of a closed quantum system is one of the oldest questions that is still nowadays only partially resolved. Several efforts have led to various formulations of what is called the eigenstate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Christian Bertoni , Clara Wassner , Giacomo Guarnieri , Jens Eisert

By solving the exact master equation of open quantum systems, we formulate the quantum thermodynamics from weak to strong couplings. The open quantum systems exchange matters, energies and information with their reservoirs through quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Wei-Ming Huang , Wei-Min Zhang

Deep thermalization refers to the emergence of Haar-like randomness from quantum systems upon partial measurements. As a generalization of quantum thermalization, it is often associated with high complexity and entanglement. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-24 Shantanav Chakraborty , Soonwon Choi , Soumik Ghosh , Tudor Giurgică-Tiron

We propose incorporating multi-qubit nonunitary operations in Variational Quantum Thermalizers (VQTs). VQTs are hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that generate the thermal (Gibbs) state of a given Hamiltonian, with applications in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Elias Zapusek , Kristina Kirova , Walter Hahn , Michael Marthaler , Florentin Reiter

Gibbs states (i.e., thermal states) can be used for several applications such as quantum simulation, quantum machine learning, quantum optimization, and the study of open quantum systems. Moreover, semi-definite programming, combinatorial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-20 Norhan M. Eassa , Mahmoud M. Moustafa , Arnab Banerjee , Jeffrey Cohn

Many-body quantum systems with local interactions undergo ``sudden death of entanglement" at high temperatures, whereby thermal states become classical mixtures of product states. We investigate whether symmetry constraints can prevent this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Amir-Reza Negari , Leonardo A. Lessa , Subhayan Sahu

The investigation of thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems has a long history, dating back to the time of developing statistical mechanics. Most quantum many-body systems in nature are considered to thermalize, while some…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-25 Naoto Shiraishi , Keiji Matsumoto

Classifying quantum states usually demands to observe properties such as the amount of correlation at one point in time. Further insight may be gained by inspecting the dynamics in a given evolution scheme. Here we attempt such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Michele Maria Feyles , Luca Mancino , Marco Sbroscia , Ilaria Gianani , Marco Barbieri

We establish an analytical criterion for dynamical thermalization within harmonic systems, applicable to both classical and quantum models. Specifically, we prove that thermalization of various observables, such as particle energies in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-29 Marco Cattaneo , Marco Baldovin , Dario Lucente , Paolo Muratore-Ginanneschi , Angelo Vulpiani

The quest for improved sampling methods to solve statistical mechanics problems of physical and chemical interest proceeds with renewed efforts since the invention of the Metropolis algorithm, in 1953. In particular, the understanding of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-27 Guglielmo Mazzola

Preparation of low-energy quantum many-body states has a wide range of applications in quantum information processing and condensed matter physics. Quantum cooling algorithms offer a promising alternative to other methods based, for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Daniel Molpeceres , Sirui Lu , J. Ignacio Cirac , Barbara Kraus

We investigate the equilibration and thermalization properties of quantum systems interacting with a finite dimensional environment. By exploiting the concept of time averaged states, we introduce a completely positive map which allows to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-27 A. Smirne , E. -M. Laine , H. -P. Breuer , J. Piilo , B. Vacchini