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The open-sourcing of large language models (LLMs) accelerates application development, innovation, and scientific progress. This includes both base models, which are pre-trained on extensive datasets without alignment, and aligned models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Xiao Wang , Tianze Chen , Xianjun Yang , Qi Zhang , Xun Zhao , Dahua Lin

Large language model pretraining is compute-intensive, yet many tokens contribute marginally to learning, resulting in inefficiency. We introduce Efficient Selective Language Modeling (ESLM), a risk-aware algorithm that improves training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Melis Ilayda Bal , Volkan Cevher , Michael Muehlebach

LLM Ensemble -- which involves the comprehensive use of multiple large language models (LLMs), each aimed at handling user queries during downstream inference, to benefit from their individual strengths -- has gained substantial attention…

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have aimed to integrate and interpret data across diverse modalities. However, the capacity of these models to concurrently process and reason about multiple modalities remains…

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the latest research on multilingual large language models (MLLMs). MLLMs not only are able to understand and generate language across linguistic boundaries, but also represent an important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Shaolin Zhu , Supryadi , Shaoyang Xu , Haoran Sun , Leiyu Pan , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Renren Jin , António Branco , Deyi Xiong

Temporal Logic (TL) can be used to rigorously specify complex high-level specification for systems in many engineering applications. The translation between natural language (NL) and TL has been under-explored due to the lack of dataset and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Rujul Gandhi , Yang Zhang , Chuchu Fan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have delivered impressive results in language understanding, generation, reasoning, and pushes the ability boundary of multimodal models. Transformer models, as the foundation of modern LLMs, offer a strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Weigao Sun , Jiaxi Hu , Yucheng Zhou , Jusen Du , Disen Lan , Kexin Wang , Tong Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyu Mo , Daizong Liu , Yuxuan Liang , Wenliang Chen , Guoqi Li , Yu Cheng

This work introduces Gemma, a family of lightweight, state-of-the art open models built from the research and technology used to create Gemini models. Gemma models demonstrate strong performance across academic benchmarks for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Gemma Team , Thomas Mesnard , Cassidy Hardin , Robert Dadashi , Surya Bhupatiraju , Shreya Pathak , Laurent Sifre , Morgane Rivière , Mihir Sanjay Kale , Juliette Love , Pouya Tafti , Léonard Hussenot , Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Aakanksha Chowdhery , Adam Roberts , Aditya Barua , Alex Botev , Alex Castro-Ros , Ambrose Slone , Amélie Héliou , Andrea Tacchetti , Anna Bulanova , Antonia Paterson , Beth Tsai , Bobak Shahriari , Charline Le Lan , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Clément Crepy , Daniel Cer , Daphne Ippolito , David Reid , Elena Buchatskaya , Eric Ni , Eric Noland , Geng Yan , George Tucker , George-Christian Muraru , Grigory Rozhdestvenskiy , Henryk Michalewski , Ian Tenney , Ivan Grishchenko , Jacob Austin , James Keeling , Jane Labanowski , Jean-Baptiste Lespiau , Jeff Stanway , Jenny Brennan , Jeremy Chen , Johan Ferret , Justin Chiu , Justin Mao-Jones , Katherine Lee , Kathy Yu , Katie Millican , Lars Lowe Sjoesund , Lisa Lee , Lucas Dixon , Machel Reid , Maciej Mikuła , Mateo Wirth , Michael Sharman , Nikolai Chinaev , Nithum Thain , Olivier Bachem , Oscar Chang , Oscar Wahltinez , Paige Bailey , Paul Michel , Petko Yotov , Rahma Chaabouni , Ramona Comanescu , Reena Jana , Rohan Anil , Ross McIlroy , Ruibo Liu , Ryan Mullins , Samuel L Smith , Sebastian Borgeaud , Sertan Girgin , Sholto Douglas , Shree Pandya , Siamak Shakeri , Soham De , Ted Klimenko , Tom Hennigan , Vlad Feinberg , Wojciech Stokowiec , Yu-hui Chen , Zafarali Ahmed , Zhitao Gong , Tris Warkentin , Ludovic Peran , Minh Giang , Clément Farabet , Oriol Vinyals , Jeff Dean , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Demis Hassabis , Zoubin Ghahramani , Douglas Eck , Joelle Barral , Fernando Pereira , Eli Collins , Armand Joulin , Noah Fiedel , Evan Senter , Alek Andreev , Kathleen Kenealy

The large language model (LLM) is typically integrated into the mainstream optimization protocol. No work has questioned whether maintaining the model integrity is \textit{indispensable} for promising performance. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mingyuan Zhang , Yue Bai , Huan Wang , Yizhou Wang , Qihua Dong , Yitian Zhang , Yun Fu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to extract structured information from free-text clinical records, but prior work often focuses on single tasks, limited models, and English-language reports. We evaluated 15 open-weight…

We introduce Xmodel-LM, a compact and efficient 1.1B language model pre-trained on around 2 trillion tokens. Trained on our self-built dataset (Xdata), which balances Chinese and English corpora based on downstream task optimization,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Yichuan Wang , Yang Liu , Yu Yan , Qun Wang , Xucheng Huang , Ling Jiang

Integrating free-text explanations to in-context learning of large language models (LLM) is shown to elicit strong reasoning capabilities along with reasonable explanations. In this paper, we consider the problem of leveraging the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Shiyang Li , Jianshu Chen , Yelong Shen , Zhiyu Chen , Xinlu Zhang , Zekun Li , Hong Wang , Jing Qian , Baolin Peng , Yi Mao , Wenhu Chen , Xifeng Yan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across diverse tasks. However, these models are typically deployed with fixed weights, which limits their ability to adapt dynamically to the variability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Hassan Sawaf

Effective pre-training of large language models (LLMs) has been challenging due to the immense resource demands and the complexity of the technical processes involved. This paper presents a detailed technical report on YuLan-Mini, a highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Yiwen Hu , Huatong Song , Jia Deng , Jiapeng Wang , Jie Chen , Kun Zhou , Yutao Zhu , Jinhao Jiang , Zican Dong , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Although diffusion language models (DLMs) are evolving quickly, many recent models converge on a set of shared components. These components, however, are distributed across ad-hoc research codebases or lack transparent implementations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhanhui Zhou , Lingjie Chen , Hanghang Tong , Dawn Song

Large models have demonstrated significant progress across various domains, particularly in tasks related to text generation. In the domain of Table to Text, many Large Language Model (LLM)-based methods currently resort to modifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Junyi Bian , Xiaolei Qin , Wuhe Zou , Mengzuo Huang , Congyi Luo , Ke Zhang , Weidong Zhang

"Bigger the better" has been the predominant trend in recent Large Language Models (LLMs) development. However, LLMs do not suit well for scenarios that require on-device processing, energy efficiency, low memory footprint, and response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Omkar Thawakar , Ashmal Vayani , Salman Khan , Hisham Cholakal , Rao M. Anwer , Michael Felsberg , Tim Baldwin , Eric P. Xing , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced code generation efficiency, they face inherent challenges in balancing performance and inference costs across diverse programming tasks. Dynamically selecting the optimal LLM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Junhang Cheng , Fang Liu , Chengru Wu , Li Zhang

In the large language model (LLM) revolution, embedding is a key component of various systems, such as retrieving knowledge or memories for LLMs or building content moderation filters. As such cases span from English to other natural or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Xin Zhang , Zehan Li , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Meishan Zhang , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance in real-world applications, yet existing open-source instruction datasets often concentrate on narrow domains, such as mathematics or coding, limiting generalization and widening…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jijie Li , Li Du , Hanyu Zhao , Bo-wen Zhang , Liangdong Wang , Boyan Gao , Guang Liu , Yonghua Lin