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Code has become a standard component of modern foundation language model (LM) training, yet its role beyond programming remains unclear. We revisit the claim that code improves reasoning through controlled pretraining experiments on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuze Zhao , Junpeng Fang , Lu Yu , Zhenya Huang , Kai Zhang , Qing Cui , Qi Liu , Jun Zhou , Enhong Chen

With the great success of ChatGPT, the research of large language models has become increasingly popular. However, the models have several limitations, such as toxicity and pool performance of arithmetic solving. Meanwhile, LLM may have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Yingdi Guo

Mathematical reasoning has long represented one of the most fundamental and challenging frontiers in artificial intelligence research. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in this area. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Peng-Yuan Wang , Tian-Shuo Liu , Chenyang Wang , Yi-Di Wang , Shu Yan , Cheng-Xing Jia , Xu-Hui Liu , Xin-Wei Chen , Jia-Cheng Xu , Ziniu Li , Yang Yu

The pre-training of large language models usually requires massive amounts of resources, both in terms of computation and data. Frequently used web sources such as Common Crawl might contain enough noise to make this pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Javier de la Rosa , Eduardo G. Ponferrada , Paulo Villegas , Pablo Gonzalez de Prado Salas , Manu Romero , Marıa Grandury

Solving symbolic mathematics has always been of in the arena of human ingenuity that needs compositional reasoning and recurrence. However, recent studies have shown that large-scale language models such as transformers are universal and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-15 Kimia Noorbakhsh , Modar Sulaiman , Mahdi Sharifi , Kallol Roy , Pooyan Jamshidi

Off-the-shelf pre-trained language models have become the de facto standard in NLP pipelines for a multitude of downstream tasks. However, the inability of these models to properly encode numerals limits their performance on tasks requiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Mandar Sharma , Rutuja Murlidhar Taware , Pravesh Koirala , Nikhil Muralidhar , Naren Ramakrishnan

Few-shot learning with large-scale, pre-trained language models is a powerful way to answer questions about code, e.g., how to complete a given code example, or even generate code snippets from scratch. The success of these models raises…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Patrick Bareiß , Beatriz Souza , Marcelo d'Amorim , Michael Pradel

This paper explores the performance of encoder and decoder language models on multilingual Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks, with a broad focus on Germanic languages. Building upon the ScandEval benchmark, initially restricted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Dan Saattrup Nielsen , Kenneth Enevoldsen , Peter Schneider-Kamp

Despite a growing body of work at the intersection of deep learning and formal languages, there has been relatively little systematic exploration of transformer models for reasoning about typed lambda calculi. This is an interesting area of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Brando Miranda , Avi Shinnar , Vasily Pestun , Barry Trager

Current plan-based reasoning methods improve large language models (LLMs) by inserting a planning stage before execution, giving rise to the question $\rightarrow$ plan $\rightarrow$ cot paradigm. While effective, a closer examination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shaojie Wang , Liang Zhang

A key part of learning to program is learning to understand programming error messages. They can be hard to interpret and identifying the cause of errors can be time-consuming. One factor in this challenge is that the messages are typically…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Juho Leinonen , Arto Hellas , Sami Sarsa , Brent Reeves , Paul Denny , James Prather , Brett A. Becker

A desirable property of learning systems is to be both effective and interpretable. Towards this goal, recent models have been proposed that first generate an extractive explanation from the input text and then generate a prediction on just…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Zijian Zhang , Koustav Rudra , Avishek Anand

Researchers have investigated the potential of leveraging pre-trained language models, such as CodeBERT, to enhance source code-related tasks. Previous methodologies have relied on CodeBERT's '[CLS]' token as the embedding representation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yong Ma , Senlin Luo , Yu-Ming Shang , Yifei Zhang , Zhengjun Li

Large language models (LLMs) can solve an increasing number of complex reasoning tasks while making surprising mistakes in basic numerical understanding and processing (such as 9.11 > 9.9). The latter ability is essential for tackling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Haotong Yang , Yi Hu , Shijia Kang , Zhouchen Lin , Muhan Zhang

Pre-training a language model and then fine-tuning it has shown to be an efficient and effective technique for a wide range of code intelligence tasks, such as code generation, code summarization, and vulnerability detection. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Zhangqian Bi , Yao Wan , Zhaoyang Chu , Yufei Hu , Junyi Zhang , Hongyu Zhang , Guandong Xu , Hai Jin

Due to the remarkable language understanding and generation abilities of large language models (LLMs), their use in educational applications has been explored. However, little work has been done on investigating the pedagogical ability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 An-Zi Yen , Wei-Ling Hsu

Large language models (LLMs) has experienced exponential growth, they demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks. Notwithstanding, contemporary research primarily centers on enhancing the size and quality of pretraining data,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Mengnan Qi , Yufan Huang , Yongqiang Yao , Maoquan Wang , Bin Gu , Neel Sundaresan

We present the task of PreQuEL, Pre-(Quality-Estimation) Learning. A PreQuEL system predicts how well a given sentence will be translated, without recourse to the actual translation, thus eschewing unnecessary resource allocation when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Shachar Don-Yehiya , Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

This paper presents Z-Code++, a new pre-trained language model optimized for abstractive text summarization. The model extends the state of the art encoder-decoder model using three techniques. First, we use a two-phase pre-training process…

Visual language data such as plots, charts, and infographics are ubiquitous in the human world. However, state-of-the-art vision-language models do not perform well on these data. We propose MatCha (Math reasoning and Chart derendering…