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In this paper, we present an Efficient Planning System for automated vehicles In highLy interactive envirONments (EPSILON). EPSILON is an efficient interaction-aware planning system for automated driving, and is extensively validated in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Wenchao Ding , Lu Zhang , Jing Chen , Shaojie Shen

Due to the powerful vision-language reasoning and generalization abilities, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered significant attention in the field of end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving. However, their application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xueyi Liu , Zuodong Zhong , Yuxin Guo , Yun-Fu Liu , Zhiguo Su , Qichao Zhang , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Yupeng Zheng , Qiao Lin , Huiyong Chen , Dongbin Zhao

Prompt engineering is pivotal for harnessing the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) across diverse applications. While existing prompt optimization methods improve prompt effectiveness, they often lead to prompt drifting, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yurong Wu , Yan Gao , Bin Benjamin Zhu , Zineng Zhou , Xiaodi Sun , Sheng Yang , Jian-Guang Lou , Zhiming Ding , Linjun Yang

This paper presents ARTEMIS, an end-to-end autonomous driving framework that combines autoregressive trajectory planning with Mixture-of-Experts (MoE). Traditional modular methods suffer from error propagation, while existing end-to-end…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Renju Feng , Ning Xi , Duanfeng Chu , Rukang Wang , Zejian Deng , Anzheng Wang , Liping Lu , Jinxiang Wang , Yanjun Huang

Recent advances in high-fidelity simulators have enabled closed-loop training of autonomous driving agents, potentially solving the distribution shift in training v.s. deployment and allowing training to be scaled both safely and cheaply.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Chris Zhang , Runsheng Guo , Wenyuan Zeng , Yuwen Xiong , Binbin Dai , Rui Hu , Mengye Ren , Raquel Urtasun

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle complex problems, but remains constrained by the computational cost and reasoning path collapse when grounded in discrete token spaces. Recent latent reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiecong Wang , Hao Peng , Chunyang Liu

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer rich world knowledge for end-to-end autonomous driving, current approaches heavily rely on labor-intensive language annotations (e.g., VQA) to bridge perception and control. This paradigm suffers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chengen Xie , Chonghao Sima , Tianyu Li , Bin Sun , Junjie Wu , Zhihui Hao , Hongyang Li

Imitation learning (IL) is a simple and powerful way to use high-quality human driving data, which can be collected at scale, to produce human-like behavior. However, policies based on imitation learning alone often fail to sufficiently…

Current autonomous driving systems are composed of a perception system and a decision system. Both of them are divided into multiple subsystems built up with lots of human heuristics. An end-to-end approach might clean up the system and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jianyu Chen , Zhuo Xu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is a widely used reinforcement learning algorithm that heavily relies on accurate advantage estimates for stable and efficient training. However, raw advantage signals can exhibit significant variance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Soham Sane

Machine unlearning (MU) aims to remove the influence of specific data from a trained model. However, approximate unlearning methods, often formulated as a single-objective optimization (SOO) problem, face a critical trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Youngsik Hwang , Dong-Young Lim

Very recently proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithms have been proposed as first-order optimization methods for effective reinforcement learning. While PPO is inspired by the same learning theory that justifies trust region policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Gang Chen , Yiming Peng , Mengjie Zhang

Self-driving vehicles must be able to act intelligently in diverse and difficult environments, marked by high-dimensional state spaces, a myriad of optimization objectives and complex behaviors. Traditionally, classical optimization and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Josiah Coad , Zhiqian Qiao , John M. Dolan

Polyhedral compilers can perform complex loop optimizations that improve parallelism and cache behaviour of loops in the input program. These transformations result in significant performance gains on modern processors which have large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-29 Aravind Acharya , Uday Bondhugula , Albert Cohen

This paper presents a novel approach to coordinated vehicle platooning, where the platoon followers communicate solely with the platoon leader. A dynamic model is proposed to account for driving safety under communication delays. General…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-09 Shouwei Hui , Michael Zhang

We investigate reinforcement learning (RL) for privileged planning in autonomous driving. State-of-the-art approaches for this task are rule-based, but these methods do not scale to the long tail. RL, on the other hand, is scalable and does…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Bernhard Jaeger , Daniel Dauner , Jens Beißwenger , Simon Gerstenecker , Kashyap Chitta , Andreas Geiger

It is critical to predict the motion of surrounding vehicles for self-driving planning, especially in a socially compliant and flexible way. However, future prediction is challenging due to the interaction and uncertainty in driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Haoran Song , Wenchao Ding , Yuxuan Chen , Shaojie Shen , Michael Yu Wang , Qifeng Chen

Prompt engineering can significantly improve the performance of large language models (LLMs), with automated prompt optimization (APO) gaining significant attention due to the time-consuming and laborious nature of manual prompt design.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Wenxin Luo , Weirui Wang , Xiaopeng Li , Weibo Zhou , Pengyue Jia , Xiangyu Zhao

We propose an imitation learning system for autonomous driving in urban traffic with interactions. We train a Behavioral Cloning~(BC) policy to imitate driving behavior collected from the real urban traffic, and apply the data aggregation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Zhao-Heng Yin , Chenran Li , Liting Sun , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

Autonomous highway driving involves high-speed safety risks due to limited reaction time, where rare but dangerous events may lead to severe consequences. This places stringent requirements on trajectory planning in terms of both…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yujia Lu , Chong Wei , Lu Ma , Lounis Adouane