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Software code complexity is a well-studied property to determine software component health. However, the existing code complexity metrics do not directly take into account the fault-proneness aspect of the code. We propose a metric called…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Ali Parsai , Serge Demeyer

Mutation testing consists of evaluating how effective test suites are at detecting artificially seeded defects in the source code, and guiding the improvement of the test suites. Although mutation testing tools are increasingly adopted in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Philipp Straubinger , Alexander Degenhart , Gordon Fraser

Folklore is often saying "The Java memory model is broken." Therefore, several approaches have proposed repairs, only to find new programs exhibiting unexpected, unintuitive behavior or the model forbidding standard compiler optimizations.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Lukas Panneke , Heike Wehrheim

Refactoring is an activity that improves the internal structure of the code without altering its external behavior. When performed on the production code, the tests can be used to verify that the external behavior of the production code is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Ali Parsai , Alessandro Murgia , Quinten David Soetens , Serge Demeyer

Metamorphic testing (MT) is a simple yet effective technique to alleviate the oracle problem in software testing. The underlying idea of MT is to test a software system by checking whether metamorphic relations (MRs) hold among multiple…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-31 An Fu , Chang-ai Sun , Jiaming Zhang , Huai Liu

In verification-aware languages, such as Dafny, despite their critical role, specifications are as prone to error as implementations. Flaws in specifications can result in formally verified programs that deviate from the intended behavior.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Isabel Amaral , Alexandra Mendes , José Campos

Predictive Mutation Testing (PMT) is a technique to predict whether a mutant will be killed by using machine learning approaches. Researchers have proposed various machine learning methods for PMT under the cross-project setting. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Alireza Aghamohammadi , Seyed-Hassan Mirian-Hosseinabadi

This is an article or technical note which is intended to provides an insight journey of Machine Learning Systems (MLS) testing, its evolution, current paradigm and future work. Machine Learning Models, used in critical applications such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Raju

JBMC is an open-source SAT- and SMT-based bounded model checking tool for verifying Java bytecode. JBMC relies on an operational model of the Java libraries, which conservatively approximates their semantics, to verify assertion violations,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Romain Brenguier , Lucas Cordeiro , Daniel Kroening , Peter Schrammel

Context: Performance regressions negatively impact execution time and memory usage of software systems. Nevertheless, there is a lack of systematic methods to evaluate the effectiveness of performance test suites. Performance mutation…

Modern programming languages (e.g., Java and C#) provide features to separate error-handling code from regular code, seeking to enhance software comprehensibility and maintainability. Nevertheless, the way exception handling (EH) code is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Luan P. Lima , Lincoln S. Rocha , Carla I. M. Bezerra , Matheus Paixao

Dynamically Adaptive Systems modify their behav- ior and structure in response to changes in their surrounding environment and according to an adaptation logic. Critical sys- tems increasingly incorporate dynamic adaptation capabilities;…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-05-28 Alexandre Bartel , Benoit Baudry , Freddy Munoz , Jacques Klein , Tejeddine Mouelhi , Yves Le Traon

Evaluating software engineering capabilities has become a core component of modern large language models (LLMs); however, the key bottleneck hindering further scaling lies not in the scarcity of high-quality solutions, but in the lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yuxuan Sun , Yuze Zhao , Yufeng Wang , Yao Du , Zhiyuan Ma , Jinbo Wang , Mengdi Zhang , Kai Zhang , Zhenya Huang

Mutation testing is a widely recognized technique for assessing and enhancing the effectiveness of software test suites by introducing deliberate code mutations. However, its application often results in overly large test suites, as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Mohamed Salah Bouafif , Mohammad Hamdaqa , Edward Zulkoski

Mutation testing is a means to assess the effectiveness of a test suite and its outcome is considered more meaningful than code coverage metrics. However, despite several optimizations, mutation testing requires a significant computational…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Rainer Niedermayr , Stefan Wagner

Model-based mutation analysis is a recent research area, and real-time system testing can benefit from using model mutants. Model-based mutation testing (MBMT) is a particular branch of model-based testing. It generates faulty versions of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Jian Chen , Manar H. Alalfi , Thomas R. Dean

On-board embedded software developed for spaceflight systems (space software) must adhere to stringent software quality assurance procedures. For example, verification and validation activities are typically performed and assessed by third…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Oscar Cornejo , Fabrizio Pastore , Lionel Briand

Model-based mutation testing uses altered test models to derive test cases that are able to reveal whether a modelled fault has been implemented. This requires conformance checking between the original and the mutated model. This paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-02-29 Bernhard K. Aichernig , Elisabeth Jöbstl

Smart contracts are immutable, verifiable, and autonomous pieces of code that can be deployed and ran on blockchain networks like Ethereum. Due to the immutability nature of blockchain, no change is possible on a deployed smart contract or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-25 Erfan Andesta , Fathiyeh Faghih , Mahdi Fooladgar

Metamorphic testing (MT) is a general approach for the testing of a specific kind of software systems -- so-called ``non-testable'', where the ``classical'' testing approaches are difficult to apply. MT is an effective approach for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Nasser Alzahrani , Maria Spichkova , James Harland