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Vehicle control is one of the most critical challenges in autonomous vehicles (AVs) and connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), and it is paramount in vehicle safety, passenger comfort, transportation efficiency, and energy saving. This…

The connected automated vehicle has been often touted as a technology that will become pervasive in society in the near future. One can view an automated vehicle as having Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities, being able to self-drive,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Seng W. Loke

Urban intersections, dense with pedestrian and vehicular traffic and compounded by GPS signal obstructions from high-rise buildings, are among the most challenging areas in urban traffic systems. Traditional single-vehicle intelligence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Qianxin Qu , Xinyu Zhang , Yifan Cheng , Yijin Xiong , Chen Xia , Qian Peng , Ziqiang Song , Kang Liu , Xin Wu , Jun Li

Occlusion is a major challenge for LiDAR-based object detection methods. This challenge becomes safety-critical in urban traffic where the ego vehicle must have reliable object detection to avoid collision while its field of view is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Minh-Quan Dao , Julie Stephany Berrio , Vincent Frémont , Mao Shan , Elwan Héry , Stewart Worrall

Foundation models are revolutionizing autonomous driving perception, transitioning the field from narrow, task-specific deep learning models to versatile, general-purpose architectures trained on vast, diverse datasets. This survey examines…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Rajendramayavan Sathyam , Yueqi Li

Reliable perception remains a key challenge for Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in complex real-world environments, where varying lighting conditions and adverse weather degrade sensing performance. While existing multi-sensor solutions…

Vehicle-to-everything technologies (V2X) have become an ideal paradigm to extend the perception range and see through the occlusion. Exiting efforts focus on single-frame cooperative perception, however, how to capture the temporal cue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinyu Zhang , Zewei Zhou , Zhaoyi Wang , Yangjie Ji , Yanjun Huang , Hong Chen

The recent proliferation of computing technologies (e.g., sensors, computer vision, machine learning, and hardware acceleration), and the broad deployment of communication mechanisms (e.g., DSRC, C-V2X, 5G) have pushed the horizon of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Liangkai Liu , Sidi Lu , Ren Zhong , Baofu Wu , Yongtao Yao , Qingyang Zhang , Weisong Shi

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) collaborative perception extends sensing beyond single vehicle limits through transmission. However, as more agents participate, existing frameworks face two key challenges: (1) the participating agents are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yueran Zhao , Zhang Zhang , Chao Sun , Tianze Wang , Chao Yue , Nuoran Li

Connected Autonomous Vehicles have great potential to improve automobile safety and traffic flow, especially in cooperative applications where perception data is shared between vehicles. However, this cooperation must be secured from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Edward Andert , Francis Mendoza , Hans Walter Behrens , Aviral Shrivastava

The perception module of self-driving vehicles relies on a multi-sensor system to understand its environment. Recent advancements in deep learning have led to the rapid development of approaches that integrate multi-sensory measurements to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Xi Zhu , Likang Wang , Caifa Zhou , Xiya Cao , Yue Gong , Lei Chen

Multi-sensor fusion plays a critical role in enhancing perception for autonomous driving, overcoming individual sensor limitations, and enabling comprehensive environmental understanding. This paper first formalizes multi-sensor fusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Chuheng Wei , Ziye Qin , Ziyan Zhang , Guoyuan Wu , Matthew J. Barth

In this paper we present a novel dataset for a critical aspect of autonomous driving, the joint attention that must occur between drivers and of pedestrians, cyclists or other drivers. This dataset is produced with the intention of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Iuliia Kotseruba , Amir Rasouli , John K. Tsotsos

In the rapidly advancing landscape of connected and automated vehicles (CAV), the integration of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication in traditional fusion systems presents a promising avenue for enhancing vehicle perception.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Thomas Billington , Ansh Gwash , Aadi Kothari , Lucas Izquierdo , Timothy Talty

Perception is a cornerstone of autonomous driving, enabling vehicles to understand their surroundings and make safe, reliable decisions. Developing robust perception algorithms requires large-scale, high-quality datasets that cover diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Dominik Rößle , Xujun Xie , Adithya Mohan , Venkatesh Thirugnana Sambandham , Daniel Cremers , Torsten Schön

Deep learning has revolutionized autonomous driving by enabling vehicles to perceive and interpret their surroundings with remarkable accuracy. This progress is attributed to various deep learning models, including Mediated Perception,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Hemanth Manjunatha , Panagiotis Tsiotras

Cooperative perception has been widely used in autonomous driving to alleviate the inherent limitation of single automated vehicle perception. To enable cooperation, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication plays an indispensable role. This…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-20 Chenguang Liu , Yunfei Chen , Jianjun Chen , Ryan Payton , Michael Riley , Shuang-Hua Yang

Vehicular communication (V2X) technologies are widely regarded as a cornerstone for cooperative and automated driving, yet their large-scale real-world deployment remains limited. As a result, understanding V2X performance under realistic,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 John Pravin Arockiasamy , Alexey Vinel

Object detection is the central issue of intelligent traffic systems, and recent advancements in single-vehicle lidar-based 3D detection indicate that it can provide accurate position information for intelligent agents to make decisions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Caizhen He , Hai Wang , Long Chen , Tong Luo , Yingfeng Cai

Safety is a long-standing and the final pursuit in the development of autonomous driving systems, with a significant portion of safety challenge arising from perception. How to effectively evaluate the safety as well as the reliability of…