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Neural approaches to ranking based on pre-trained language models are highly effective in ad-hoc search. However, the computational expense of these models can limit their application. As such, a process known as knowledge distillation is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Vishakha Suresh Kalal , Andrew Parry , Sean MacAvaney

Scaled post-training now drives many of the largest capability gains in language models (LMs), yet its effect on pretrained knowledge remains poorly understood. Not all forgetting is equal: Forgetting one fact (e.g., a U.S. president or an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jackson Harmon , Andreas Hochlehnert , Matthias Bethge , Ameya Prabhu

The great success of deep learning heavily relies on increasingly larger training data, which comes at a price of huge computational and infrastructural costs. This poses crucial questions that, do all training data contribute to model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Shuo Yang , Zeke Xie , Hanyu Peng , Min Xu , Mingming Sun , Ping Li

Dataset distillation is the technique of synthesizing smaller condensed datasets from large original datasets while retaining necessary information to persist the effect. In this paper, we approach the dataset distillation problem from a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Mingyang Chen , Bo Huang , Junda Lu , Bing Li , Yi Wang , Minhao Cheng , Wei Wang

In Iterative Learning Control (ILC), a sequence of feedforward control actions is generated at each iteration on the basis of partial model knowledge and past measurements with the goal of steering the system toward a desired reference…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-12 Efe C. Balta , Andrea Iannelli , Roy S. Smith , John Lygeros

Retinal image matching plays a crucial role in monitoring disease progression and treatment response. However, datasets with matched keypoints between temporally separated pairs of images are not available in abundance to train…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Sahar Almahfouz Nasser , Nihar Gupte , Amit Sethi

Score-based distillation methods (e.g., variational score distillation) train one-step diffusion models by first pre-training a teacher score model and then distilling it into a one-step student model. However, the gradient estimator in the…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is notoriously data-inefficient, which makes training on a real robot difficult. While model-based RL algorithms (world models) improve data-efficiency to some extent, they still require hours or days of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Yunhai Feng , Nicklas Hansen , Ziyan Xiong , Chandramouli Rajagopalan , Xiaolong Wang

Effective data selection is critical for efficient training of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper introduces Influence Distillation, a novel, mathematically-justified framework for data selection that employs second-order…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Mahdi Nikdan , Vincent Cohen-Addad , Dan Alistarh , Vahab Mirrokni

Generalization Performance of Deep Learning models trained using Empirical Risk Minimization can be improved significantly by using Data Augmentation strategies such as simple transformations, or using Mixed Samples. We attempt to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Deepan Das , Haley Massa , Abhimanyu Kulkarni , Theodoros Rekatsinas

Pre-training a large transformer model on a massive amount of unlabeled data and fine-tuning it on labeled datasets for diverse downstream tasks has proven to be a successful strategy, for a variety of vision and natural language processing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Seanie Lee , Minki Kang , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang , Kenji Kawaguchi

Post-training has become central to turning pretrained large language models (LLMs) into aligned, capable, and deployable systems. Recent progress spans supervised fine-tuning (SFT), preference optimization, reinforcement learning (RL),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Shiwan Zhao , Zhihu Wang , Xuyang Zhao , Jiaming Zhou , Caiyue Xu , Chenfei Liu , Liting Zhang , Yuhang Jia , Yanzhe Zhang , Hualong Yu , Zichen Xu , Qicheng Li , Yong Qin

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the capabilities of artificial intelligence across various domains. However, their massive scale and high computational costs render them unsuitable for direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Hang Zhou , Hanting Chen , An Xiao , Tianyu Guo , Kai Han , Xinghao Chen , Yunhe Wang

In real-world systems, models are frequently updated as more data becomes available, and in addition to achieving high accuracy, the goal is to also maintain a low difference in predictions compared to the base model (i.e. predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Heinrich Jiang , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Dara Bahri , Andrew Cotter , Afshin Rostamizadeh

Dataset distillation extracts a small set of synthetic training samples from a large dataset with the goal of achieving competitive performance on test data when trained on this sample. In this work, we tackle dataset distillation at its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Yunzhen Feng , Ramakrishna Vedantam , Julia Kempe

Data-efficient learning has garnered significant attention, especially given the current trend of large multi-modal models. Recently, dataset distillation has become an effective approach by synthesizing data samples that are essential for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Yue Xu , Yong-Lu Li , Kaitong Cui , Ziyu Wang , Cewu Lu , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

Data-centric learning emphasizes curating high-quality training samples to boost performance rather than designing new architectures. A central problem is to estimate the influence of training sample efficiently. Prior studies largely focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ziao Yang , Longbo Huang , Hongfu Liu

Offline reinforcement learning leverages pre-collected datasets of transitions to train policies. It can serve as effective initialization for online algorithms, enhancing sample efficiency and speeding up convergence. However, when such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Girolamo Macaluso , Alessandro Sestini , Andrew D. Bagdanov

We present an experimental recipe for studying the relationship between training data and language model (LM) behavior. We outline steps for intervening on data batches -- i.e., ``rewriting history'' -- and then retraining model checkpoints…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Rahul Nadkarni , Yanai Elazar , Hila Gonen , Noah A. Smith

The ultimate goal of Dataset Distillation is to synthesize a small synthetic dataset such that a model trained on this synthetic set will perform equally well as a model trained on the full, real dataset. Until now, no method of Dataset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Ziyao Guo , Kai Wang , George Cazenavette , Hui Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Yang You