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Subword tokenization has become the prevailing standard in the field of natural language processing (NLP) over recent years, primarily due to the widespread utilization of pre-trained language models. This shift began with Byte-Pair…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yanis Labrak , Adrien Bazoge , Beatrice Daille , Mickael Rouvier , Richard Dufour

Most definitions of ontology, viewed as a "specification of a conceptualization", agree on the fact that if an ontology can take different forms, it necessarily includes a vocabulary of terms and some specification of their meaning in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-01-09 Christophe Roche

This paper describes how the current lexical similarity and analogy gold standards are built to conform to certain ideas about what the models they are designed to evaluate are used for. Topical relevance has always been the most important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Jussi Karlgren

The future of e-Learning is on the way to be constructed within ICT standardization international instances. The sub-committee 36 of ISO, which is responsible for standardizing educational technologies, is certainly the most prominent of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Mokhtar Ben Henda , Henri Hudrisier

Temporal expression (TE) normalization is a well-studied problem. However, the predominately used rule-based systems are highly restricted to specific settings, and upcoming machine learning approaches suffer from a lack of labeled data. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Akash Kumar Gautam , Lukas Lange , Jannik Strötgen

Terminology correctness is important in the downstream application of machine translation, and a prevalent way to ensure this is to inject terminology constraints into a translation system. In our submission to the WMT 2023 terminology…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Nikolay Bogoychev , Pinzhen Chen

Automatic summarization has consistently attracted attention due to its versatility and wide application in various downstream tasks. Despite its popularity, we find that annotation efforts have largely been disjointed, and have lacked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Noam Dahan , Gabriel Stanovsky

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

Lexical normalization research has sought to tackle the challenge of processing informal expressions in user-generated text, yet the absence of comprehensive evaluations leaves it unclear which methods excel across multiple perspectives.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shohei Higashiyama , Masao Utiyama

Discourse understanding is essential for many NLP tasks, yet most existing work remains constrained by framework-dependent discourse representations. This work investigates whether large language models (LLMs) capture discourse knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Florian Eichin , Yang Janet Liu , Barbara Plank , Michael A. Hedderich

This paper provides an overview of the various projects carried out within ISO committee TC 37/SC 4 dealing with the management of language (digital) resources. On the basis of the technical experience gained in the committee and the wider…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-10-28 Laurent Romary

Personalization of Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently become increasingly important with a wide range of applications. Despite the importance and recent progress, most existing works on personalized LLMs have focused either entirely…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming ubiquitous both as stand-alone tools and as components of current and future software systems. To enable usage of LLMs in the high-stake or safety-critical systems of 2030, they need to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Sinclair Hudson , Sophia Jit , Boyue Caroline Hu , Marsha Chechik

While new benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) are being developed continuously to catch up with the growing capabilities of new models and AI in general, using and evaluating LLMs in non-English languages remains a little-charted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Špela Vintar , Taja Kuzman Pungeršek , Mojca Brglez , Nikola Ljubešić

The absence of standardized spelling conventions and the organic evolution of human language present an inherent linguistic challenge within historical documents, a longstanding concern for scholars in the humanities. Addressing this issue,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Miguel Domingo , Francisco Casacuberta

The integration of tools in augmenting large language models presents a novel approach toward enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of these models in handling specific, complex tasks. This paper delves into the methodology,challenges, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Zhuocheng Shen

Lexical resources are crucial for cross-linguistic analysis and can provide new insights into computational models for natural language learning. Here, we present an advanced database for comparative studies of words with multiple meanings,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Annika Tjuka , Robert Forkel , Christoph Rzymski , Johann-Mattis List

With the development of big corpora of various periods, it becomes crucial to standardise linguistic annotation (e.g. lemmas, POS tags, morphological annotation) to increase the interoperability of the data produced, despite diachronic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Simon Gabay , Thibault Clérice , Jean-Baptiste Camps , Jean-Baptiste Tanguy , Matthias Gille-Levenson

This paper summarises the current state-of-the art in the study of compositionality in distributional semantics, and major challenges for this area. We single out generalised quantifiers and intensional semantics as areas on which to focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-07-11 Daoud Clarke

Ensuring and validating the safe operation of automated vehicles are key challenges for their market launch. Scenario-based development and test approaches are currently being pursued as possible solutions. An essential prerequisite for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Markus Steimle , Till Menzel , Markus Maurer