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We investigate the effect of explicitly enforcing the Lipschitz continuity of neural networks with respect to their inputs. To this end, we provide a simple technique for computing an upper bound to the Lipschitz constant---for multiple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-11 Henry Gouk , Eibe Frank , Bernhard Pfahringer , Michael J. Cree

By leveraging differentiable dynamics, Reparameterization Policy Gradient (RPG) achieves high sample efficiency. However, current approaches are hindered by two critical limitations: the under-utilization of computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Hai Zhong , Xun Wang , Zhuoran Li , Longbo Huang

Pure Pursuit (PP) is widely used in autonomous racing for real-time path tracking due to its efficiency and geometric clarity, yet performance is highly sensitive to how key parameters-lookahead distance and steering gain-are chosen.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Mohamed Elgouhary , Amr S. El-Wakeel

Recent advancement in combining trajectory optimization with function approximation (especially neural networks) shows promise in learning complex control policies for diverse tasks in robot systems. Despite their great flexibility, the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Zhigen Zhao , Simiao Zuo , Tuo Zhao , Ye Zhao

We present a proximal policy optimization (PPO) agent trained through curriculum learning (CL) principles and meticulous reward engineering to optimize a real-world high-throughput waste sorting facility. Our work addresses the challenge of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Abhijeet Pendyala , Asma Atamna , Tobias Glasmachers

Designing a stabilizing controller for nonlinear systems is a challenging task, especially for high-dimensional problems with unknown dynamics. Traditional reinforcement learning algorithms applied to stabilization tasks tend to drive the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Thanin Quartz , Ruikun Zhou , Hans De Sterck , Jun Liu

Reinforcement Learning has emerged as a promising framework for developing adaptive and data-driven strategies, enabling market makers to optimize decision-making policies based on interactions with the limit order book environment. This…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-17 Rafael Zimmer , Oswaldo Luiz do Valle Costa

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is highly effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, yet its direct application to diffusion large language models (dLLMs) often triggers reward collapse. We identify two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jianyuan Zhong , Kaibo Wang , Ding Ding , Zijin Feng , Haoli Bai , Yang Xiang , Jiacheng Sun , Qiang Xu

One of the fundamental challenges for offline reinforcement learning (RL) is ensuring robustness to data distribution. Whether the data originates from a near-optimal policy or not, we anticipate that an algorithm should demonstrate its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Xiaohan Hu , Yi Ma , Chenjun Xiao , Yan Zheng , Jianye Hao

Trial-and-error based reinforcement learning (RL) has seen rapid advancements in recent times, especially with the advent of deep neural networks. However, the majority of autonomous RL algorithms require a large number of interactions with…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Sanket Kamthe , Marc Peter Deisenroth

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become popular in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) emerging as a widely used algorithm in recent systems. Despite GRPO's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Wenlong Deng , Yi Ren , Muchen Li , Danica J. Sutherland , Xiaoxiao Li , Christos Thrampoulidis

Large Language Models (LLMs) can acquire extensive world knowledge through pre-training on large corpora. However, due to exposure to low-quality data, LLMs may exhibit harmful behavior without aligning with human values. The dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Tianhao Wu , Banghua Zhu , Ruoyu Zhang , Zhaojin Wen , Kannan Ramchandran , Jiantao Jiao

Very recently proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithms have been proposed as first-order optimization methods for effective reinforcement learning. While PPO is inspired by the same learning theory that justifies trust region policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Gang Chen , Yiming Peng , Mengjie Zhang

Proximal policy optimization (PPO) has yielded state-of-the-art results in policy search, a subfield of reinforcement learning, with one of its key points being the use of a surrogate objective function to restrict the step size at each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Wangshu Zhu , Andre Rosendo

We explore methodologies to improve the robustness of generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL) algorithms to observation noise. Towards this objective, we study the effect of local Lipschitzness of the discriminator and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Farzan Memarian , Abolfazl Hashemi , Scott Niekum , Ufuk Topcu

As language models become increasingly capable, users expect them to provide not only accurate responses but also behaviors aligned with diverse human preferences across a variety of scenarios. To achieve this, Reinforcement learning (RL)…

Mirror descent (MD), a well-known first-order method in constrained convex optimization, has recently been shown as an important tool to analyze trust-region algorithms in reinforcement learning (RL). However, there remains a considerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Manan Tomar , Lior Shani , Yonathan Efroni , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

We establish a new connection between value and policy based reinforcement learning (RL) based on a relationship between softmax temporal value consistency and policy optimality under entropy regularization. Specifically, we show that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Ofir Nachum , Mohammad Norouzi , Kelvin Xu , Dale Schuurmans

Problem definition: Supply chains are constantly evolving networks. Reinforcement learning is increasingly proposed as a solution to provide optimal control of these networks. Academic/practical: However, learning in continuously varying…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-27 Wan Wang , Haiyan Wang , Adam J. Sobey

In sequence generation task, many works use policy gradient for model optimization to tackle the intractable backpropagation issue when maximizing the non-differentiable evaluation metrics or fooling the discriminator in adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Yi-Lin Tuan , Jinzhi Zhang , Yujia Li , Hung-yi Lee