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The idea behind microservices architecture is to develop a single large, complex application as a suite of small, cohesive, independent services. On the other way, monolithic systems get larger over the time, deviating from the intended…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-05-11 Alessandra Levcovitz , Ricardo Terra , Marco Tulio Valente

The scalability and flexibility of microservice architecture have led to major changes in cloud-native application architectures. However, the complexity of managing thousands of small services written in different languages and handling…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Behrooz Farkiani , Raj Jain

As organizations increasingly transition from monolithic systems to microservices, they aim to achieve higher availability, automatic scaling, simplified infrastructure management, enhanced collaboration, and streamlined deployments.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rita Peixoto , Filipe F. Correia , Thatiane Rosa , Eduardo Guerra , Alfredo Goldman

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models challenge serving infrastructures with dynamic, sparse expert utilization, causing instability on conventional systems designed for dense architectures. We propose EaaS, a novel serving system to enable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ziming Liu , Boyu Tian , Guoteng Wang , Zhen Jiang , Peng Sun , Zhenhua Han , Tian Tang , Xiaohe Hu , Yanmin Jia , Yan Zhang , He Liu , Mingjun Zhang , Yiqi Zhang , Qiaoling Chen , Shenggan Cheng , Mingyu Gao , Yang You , Siyuan Feng

Microservice architecture has transformed the way developers are building and deploying applications in the nowadays cloud computing centers. This new approach provides increased scalability, flexibility, manageability, and performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Hamzeh Khazaei , Nima Mahmoudi , Cornel Barna , Marin Litoiu

Large language models represent a groundbreaking shift in generative AI. Yet, these advances come with a significant challenge: the high cost of model serving. To mitigate these costs, consumer-grade GPUs emerge as a more affordable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Lewei Jin , Yongqi Chen , Kui Zhang , Yifan Zhuo , Yi Gao , Bowei Yang , Zhengong Cai , Wei Dong

Microservices architecture is one of the new architectural styles that has improved in recent years. It has become a popular architectural style among system architects and developers. This popularity increased with the advent of new…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Mahyar Karimi , Ahmad Abdollahzadeh Barfroush

The transition from monolithic to microservices architecture revolutionized software development by improving scalability and maintainability. This paradigm shift is now becoming relevant for complex multi-agent systems (MAS). This review…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Muskaan Goyal , Pranav Bhasin

The information flows in serverless platforms are complex and non-conservative. This is a direct result of how independently deployed functions interact under the platform coarse-grained control mechanisms. To manage this complexity, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Gianluca Reali , Mauro Femminella

Micro- and smart grids (MSG) play an important role both for integrating renewable energy sources in conventional electricity grids and for providing power supply in remote areas. Modern MSGs are largely driven by power electronic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Henrik Bode , Stefan Heid , Daniel Weber , Eyke Hüllermeier , Oliver Wallscheid

Microservice applications are created as loosely coupled application components and they leverage cloud elasticity to reduce costs and increase development speed. However, microservice applications exhibit complex interactions among…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Minxian Xu , Junhan Liao , Linfeng Wen , Huaming Wu , Kejiang Ye , Rajkumar Buyya , Chengzhong Xu

In migrating production workloads to cloud, enterprises often face the daunting task of evolving monolithic applications toward a microservice architecture. At IBM, we developed a tool called Mono2Micro to assist with this challenging task.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Anup Kalia , Jin Xiao , Rahul Krishna , Saurabh Sinha , Maja Vukovic , Debasish Banerjee

While the recently emerged Microservices architectural style is widely discussed in literature, it is difficult to find clear guidance on the process of refactoring legacy applications. The importance of the topic is underpinned by high…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Jonas Fritzsch , Justus Bogner , Alfred Zimmermann , Stefan Wagner

Distributed stream processing engines are designed with a focus on scalability to process big data volumes in a continuous manner. We present the Theodolite method for benchmarking the scalability of distributed stream processing engines.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Sören Henning , Wilhelm Hasselbring

Designing software compatible with cloud-based Microservice Architectures (MSAs) is vital due to the performance, scalability, and availability limitations. As the complexity of a system increases, it is subject to deprecation, difficulties…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Thakshila Imiya Mohottige , Artem Polyvyanyy , Rajkumar Buyya , Colin Fidge , Alistair Barros

Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is booming as a promising paradigm to push the computation and communication resources from cloud to the network edge to provide services and to perform computations. With container technologies, mobile…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Hailiang Zhao , Shuiguang Deng , Zijie Liu , Jianwei Yin , Schahram Dustdar

With the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors, smartphones, and wearables have become integral to daily life, powering smart applications in home automation, healthcare, and intelligent transportation. However, these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Habib Larian , Faramarz Safi-Esfahani

The agility inherent to today's business promotes the definition of software architectures where the business entities are decoupled into modules and/or services. However, there are advantages in having a rich domain model, where domain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Diogo Faustino , Nuno Gonçalves , Manuel Portela , António Rito Silva

In this paper we present Foggy, an architectural framework and software platform based on Open Source technologies. Foggy orchestrates application workload, negotiates resources and supports IoT operations for multi-tier, distributed,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Daniele Santoro , Daniel Zozin , Daniele Pizzolli , Francesco De Pellegrini , Silvio Cretti

In the continuously evolving cloud computing and network environment, service function chain (SFC) plays a crucial role in implementing complex services in the network with its flexible deployment capabilities. To address the limitations of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Xi Wang , Shuo Shi , Chenyu Wu