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This paper develops an inherently parallelised, fast, approximate learning-based solution to the generic class of Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows and Dynamic Routing (CVRP-TWDR). Considering vehicles in a fleet as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Nazneen N Sultana , Vinita Baniwal , Ansuma Basumatary , Piyush Mittal , Supratim Ghosh , Harshad Khadilkar

Combining an energy-efficient drone with a high-capacity truck for last-mile package delivery can benefit operators and customers by reducing delivery times and environmental impact. However, directly integrating drone flight dynamics into…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Yineng Sun , Armin Fügenschuh , Vikrant Vaze

Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) frameworks have shown potential for solving NP-hard routing problems such as the traveling salesman problem (TSP) without problem-specific expert knowledge. Although DRL can be used to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Minsu Kim , Jinkyoo Park , Joungho Kim

The recently presented idea to learn heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems is promising as it can save costly development. However, to push this idea towards practical implementation, we need better models and better ways of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Wouter Kool , Herke van Hoof , Max Welling

Deep learning has been extensively explored to solve vehicle routing problems (VRPs), which yields a range of data-driven neural solvers with promising outcomes. However, most neural solvers are trained to tackle VRP instances in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Shaodi Feng , Zhuoyi Lin , Jianan Zhou , Cong Zhang , Jingwen Li , Kuan-Wen Chen , Senthilnath Jayavelu , Yew-Soon Ong

This paper presents an efficient deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for online 3D bin packing (3D-BPP). The 3D-BPP is an NP-hard problem significant in logistics, warehousing, and transportation, involving the optimal arrangement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Peiwen Zhou , Ziyan Gao , Chenghao Li , Nak Young Chong

We introduce a package service model where trucks as well as drones can deliver packages. Drones can travel on trucks or fly; but while flying, drones can only carry one package at a time and have to return to a truck to charge after each…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-19 Rami Daknama , Elisabeth Kraus

In this paper, we study the vehicle routing problem with a finite time horizon. In this routing problem, the objective is to maximize the number of customer requests served within a finite time horizon. We present a novel routing network…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ayan Maity , Sudeshna Sarkar

Heuristic algorithms such as simulated annealing, Concorde, and METIS are effective and widely used approaches to find solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. However, they are limited by the high sample complexity required to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Qingpeng Cai , Will Hang , Azalia Mirhoseini , George Tucker , Jingtao Wang , Wei Wei

Existing neural solvers for vehicle routing problems (VRPs) are typically trained either in a one-off manner on a fixed set of pre-defined tasks or in a lifelong manner with tasks arriving sequentially, assuming sufficient training on each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jiyuan Pei , Yi Mei , Jialin Liu , Mengjie Zhang , Xin Yao

The drone-based last-mile delivery is an emerging technology to deliver parcels using drones loaded on a truck. As more and more autonomous vehicles (AVs) will be available for delivery services, an opportunity is arising to fully automate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Navid Mohammad Imran , Sabya Mishra , Myounggyu Won

There has been a paradigm-shift in urban logistic services in the last years; demand for real-time, instant mobility and delivery services grows. This poses new challenges to logistic service providers as the underlying stochastic dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Florentin D Hildebrandt , Barrett Thomas , Marlin W Ulmer

Pathfinding problems are found throughout robotics, computational science, and natural sciences. Traditional methods to solve these require training deep neural networks (DNNs) for each new problem domain, consuming substantial time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Vedant Khandelwal , Amit Sheth , Forest Agostinelli

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), a fundamental combinatorial optimization challenge, focuses on optimizing fleet operations under vehicle capacity constraints. While extensively studied in operational research, the NP-hard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhuoliang Xie , Fei Liu , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

The increasing demand for autonomous systems in complex and dynamic environments has driven significant research into intelligent path planning methodologies. For decades, graph-based search algorithms, linear programming techniques, and…

Due to the practical importance of vehicle routing problems (VRP), there exists an ever-growing body of research in algorithms and (meta)heuristics for solving such problems. However, the diversity of VRP domains creates the separate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Konstantin Sidorov , Alexander Morozov

Routing Problems are central to many real-world applications, yet remain challenging due to their (NP-)hard nature. Amongst existing approaches, heuristics often offer the best trade-off between quality and scalability, making them suitable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Felix Chalumeau , Refiloe Shabe , Noah De Nicola , Arnu Pretorius , Thomas D. Barrett , Nathan Grinsztajn

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is an example of a combinatorial optimization problem that has attracted academic attention due to its potential use in various contexts. VRP aims to arrange vehicle deliveries to several sites in the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Nishikanta Mohanty , Bikash K. Behera , Christopher Ferrie

This paper explores the combination of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and search-based path planners to speed up the optimization of flight paths for airliners, where in case of emergency a fast route re-calculation can be crucial. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Alberto Luise , Michele Lombardi , Florent Teichteil Koenigsbuch

We address the bin packing problem (BPP), which aims to maximize bin utilization when packing a variety of items. The offline problem, where the complete information about the item set and their sizes is known in advance, is proven to be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Beomjoon Lee , Changjoo Nam