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Numerical reasoning over text is a challenging task of Artificial Intelligence (AI), requiring reading comprehension and numerical reasoning abilities. Previous approaches use numerical reasoning programs to represent the reasoning process.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Jiaxin Zhang , Yashar Moshfeghi

Large language models (LLMs) solve complex problems yet fail on simpler variants, suggesting they achieve correct outputs through mechanisms fundamentally different from human reasoning. To understand this gap, we synthesize cognitive…

We introduce Buffer of Thoughts (BoT), a novel and versatile thought-augmented reasoning approach for enhancing accuracy, efficiency and robustness of large language models (LLMs). Specifically, we propose meta-buffer to store a series of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ling Yang , Zhaochen Yu , Tianjun Zhang , Shiyi Cao , Minkai Xu , Wentao Zhang , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Bin Cui

Complex reasoning aims to draw a correct inference based on complex rules. As a hallmark of human intelligence, it involves a degree of explicit reading comprehension, interpretation of logical knowledge and complex rule application. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Siyuan Wang , Zhongkun Liu , Wanjun Zhong , Ming Zhou , Zhongyu Wei , Zhumin Chen , Nan Duan

Large language models (LLMs) make remarkable progress in reasoning tasks. Among different reasoning modes, inductive reasoning, due to its better alignment with human learning, attracts increasing interest. However, research on inductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Kedi Chen , Zhikai Lei , Xu Guo , Xuecheng Wu , Siyuan Zeng , Jianghao Yin , Yinqi Zhang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen , Wei Zhang

Despite doubts on data quality, instruction synthesis has been widely applied into instruction tuning (IT) of LLMs as an economic and rapid alternative. Recent endeavors focus on improving data quality for synthesized instruction pairs in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yilun Liu , Chunguang Zhao , Xinhua Yang , Hongyong Zeng , Shimin Tao , Weibin Meng , Minggui He , Yan Yu , Hongxia Ma , Li Zhang , Daimeng Wei , Boxing Chen

We present NewsQA, a challenging machine comprehension dataset of over 100,000 human-generated question-answer pairs. Crowdworkers supply questions and answers based on a set of over 10,000 news articles from CNN, with answers consisting of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-08 Adam Trischler , Tong Wang , Xingdi Yuan , Justin Harris , Alessandro Sordoni , Philip Bachman , Kaheer Suleman

In this paper, we introduce ReasonEmbed, a novel text embedding model developed for reasoning-intensive document retrieval. Our work includes three key technical contributions. First, we propose ReMixer, a new data synthesis method that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jianlyu Chen , Junwei Lan , Chaofan Li , Defu Lian , Zheng Liu

Speech language models (SpeechLMs) accept speech input and produce speech output, allowing for more natural human-computer interaction compared to text-based large language models (LLMs). Traditional approaches for developing SpeechLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Aohan Zeng , Zhengxiao Du , Mingdao Liu , Lei Zhang , Shengmin Jiang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Information-seeking conversation, which aims to help users gather information through conversation, has achieved great progress in recent years. However, the research is still stymied by the scarcity of training data. To alleviate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Siheng Li , Cheng Yang , Yichun Yin , Xinyu Zhu , Zesen Cheng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Yujiu Yang

We propose Cognitive Databases, an approach for transparently enabling Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities in relational databases. A novel aspect of our design is to first view the structured data source as meaningful unstructured…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Rajesh Bordawekar , Bortik Bandyopadhyay , Oded Shmueli

Structured data, rich in logical and relational information, has the potential to enhance the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Still, its integration poses a challenge due to the risk of overwhelming LLMs with excessive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Xiaoyu Tan , Haoyu Wang , Xihe Qiu , Yuan Cheng , Yinghui Xu , Wei Chu , Yuan Qi

Complex question answering over knowledge base (Complex KBQA) is challenging because it requires various compositional reasoning capabilities, such as multi-hop inference, attribute comparison, set operation. Existing benchmarks have some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Shulin Cao , Jiaxin Shi , Liangming Pan , Lunyiu Nie , Yutong Xiang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Bin He , Hanwang Zhang

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has redefined the AI landscape, particularly due to their ability to encode factual and commonsense knowledge, and their outstanding performance in tasks requiring reasoning. Despite these advances,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Armin Toroghi , Willis Guo , Scott Sanner

Large-scale high-quality training data is important for improving the performance of models. After trained with data that has rationales (reasoning steps), models gain reasoning capability. However, the dataset with high-quality rationales…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Yunlong Feng , Yang Xu , Libo Qin , Yasheng Wang , Wanxiang Che

The recent work of Clark et al. introduces the AI2 Reasoning Challenge (ARC) and the associated ARC dataset that partitions open domain, complex science questions into an Easy Set and a Challenge Set. That paper includes an analysis of 100…

Unified multimodal understanding and generation models recently have achieve significant improvement in image generation capability, yet a large gap remains in instruction following and detail preservation compared to systems that tightly…

Semantic parsing, which converts natural language questions into logic forms, plays a crucial role in reasoning within structured environments. However, existing methods encounter two significant challenges: reliance on extensive manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Xiang Huang , Jiayu Shen , Shanshan Huang , Sitao Cheng , Xiaxia Wang , Yuzhong Qu

Models are increasing in size and complexity in the hunt for SOTA. But what if those 2\% increase in performance does not make a difference in a production use case? Maybe benefits from a smaller, faster model outweigh those slight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Krzysztof Rajda , Łukasz Augustyniak , Piotr Gramacki , Marcin Gruza , Szymon Woźniak , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Synthesizing supervised finetuning (SFT) data from language models (LMs) to teach smaller models multilingual tasks has become increasingly common. However, teacher model selection is often ad hoc, typically defaulting to the largest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Lester James V. Miranda , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen
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