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Knowledge-based question answering (KBQA) is widely used in many scenarios that necessitate domain knowledge. Large language models (LLMs) bring opportunities to KBQA, while their costs are significantly higher and absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Junnan Dong , Qinggang Zhang , Chuang Zhou , Hao Chen , Daochen Zha , Xiao Huang

Chinese Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities across various NLP benchmarks and real-world applications. However, the existing benchmarks for comprehensively evaluating these LLMs are still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Chuang Liu , Renren Jin , Yuqi Ren , Deyi Xiong

In recent years, large language models (LLMs), such as GPTs, have attained great impact worldwide. However, how to adapt these LLMs to better suit the vertical domain-specific tasks by utilizing external knowledge remains not completely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Peng Fu , Yiming Zhang , Haobo Wang , Weikang Qiu , Junbo Zhao

Recently, ChatGPT, a representative large language model (LLM), has gained considerable attention due to its powerful emergent abilities. Some researchers suggest that LLMs could potentially replace structured knowledge bases like knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Linyao Yang , Hongyang Chen , Zhao Li , Xiao Ding , Xindong Wu

Language models (LMs) are sentence-completion engines trained on massive corpora. LMs have emerged as a significant breakthrough in natural-language processing, providing capabilities that go far beyond sentence completion including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Robert E. Wray , III , James R. Kirk , John E. Laird

Despite significant advances in large language models (LLMs), their knowledge memorization capabilities remain underexplored, due to the lack of standardized and high-quality test ground. In this paper, we introduce a novel, real-world and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuwei Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Shangbin Feng , Yifan Zhu , Letian Peng , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , Jingbo Shang

Knowledge embeddings (KE) represent a knowledge graph (KG) by embedding entities and relations into continuous vector spaces. Existing methods are mainly structure-based or description-based. Structure-based methods learn representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Xintao Wang , Qianyu He , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

While large language models (LLMs) excel at factual recall, the real challenge lies in knowledge application. A gap persists between their ability to answer complex questions and their effectiveness in performing tasks that require that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Siyang Wu , Honglin Bao , Nadav Kunievsky , James A. Evans

Large language models (LLMs) can solve problems step-by-step. While this chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning boosts LLMs' performance, it is unclear if LLMs \textit{know} when to use CoT and whether those CoT are always necessary to answer the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have learned vast amounts of factual knowledge through self-supervised pre-training on large-scale corpora. Meanwhile, LLMs have also demonstrated excellent multilingual capabilities, which can express the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Pengfei Cao , Yuheng Chen , Zhuoran Jin , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

We evaluate the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to discern and express their internal knowledge state, a key factor in countering factual hallucination and ensuring reliable application of LLMs. We observe a robust self-awareness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yuxin Liang , Zhuoyang Song , Hao Wang , Jiaxing Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often encounter conflicts between their learned, internal (parametric knowledge, PK) and external knowledge provided during inference (contextual knowledge, CK). Understanding how LLMs models prioritize one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zineddine Tighidet , Andrea Mogini , Jiali Mei , Benjamin Piwowarski , Patrick Gallinari

The success of large pretrained language models (LMs) such as BERT and RoBERTa has sparked interest in probing their representations, in order to unveil what types of knowledge they implicitly capture. While prior research focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Robert Litschko , Goran Glavaš , Anna Korhonen

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs) pretrained on vast knowledge corpora, advancing their knowledge manipulation-the ability to effectively recall, reason, and transfer relevant knowledge-remains challenging.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Qitan Lv , Tianyu Liu , Qiaosheng Zhang , Xingcheng Xu , Chaochao Lu

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) like BERT have made significant progress in various downstream NLP tasks. However, by asking models to do cloze-style tests, recent work finds that PLMs are short in acquiring knowledge from unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Cunxiang Wang , Fuli Luo , Yanyang Li , Runxin Xu , Fei Huang , Yue Zhang

Knowledge graphs have emerged as a popular method for injecting up-to-date, factual knowledge into large language models (LLMs). This is typically achieved by converting the knowledge graph into text that the LLM can process in context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Elan Markowitz , Krupa Galiya , Greg Ver Steeg , Aram Galstyan

Large language models (LLMs) face challenges with internal knowledge inaccuracies and outdated information. Knowledge editing has emerged as a pivotal approach to mitigate these issues. Although current knowledge editing techniques exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Mengqi Zhang , Bowen Fang , Qiang Liu , Pengjie Ren , Shu Wu , Zhumin Chen , Liang Wang

With the recent appearance of LLMs in practical settings, having methods that can effectively detect factual inconsistencies is crucial to reduce the propagation of misinformation and improve trust in model outputs. When testing on existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Philippe Laban , Wojciech Kryściński , Divyansh Agarwal , Alexander R. Fabbri , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty , Chien-Sheng Wu

Pre-trained language models (LMs) are used for knowledge intensive tasks like question answering, but their knowledge gets continuously outdated as the world changes. Prior work has studied targeted updates to LMs, injecting individual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Yasumasa Onoe , Michael J. Q. Zhang , Shankar Padmanabhan , Greg Durrett , Eunsol Choi

Limited by the scale and diversity of time series data, the neural networks trained on time series data often overfit and show unsatisfacotry performances. In comparison, large language models (LLMs) recently exhibit impressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Ruibing Jin , Qing Xu , Min Wu , Yuecong Xu , Dan Li , Xiaoli Li , Zhenghua Chen