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This paper illustrates the central role of loss functions in data-driven decision making, providing a comprehensive survey on their influence in cost-sensitive classification (CSC) and reinforcement learning (RL). We demonstrate how…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-07 Kaiwen Wang , Nathan Kallus , Wen Sun

The innovation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques has significantly reduced the price of genome sequencing, lowering barriers to future medical research; it is now feasible to apply genome sequencing to studies where it would…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-06 Arshmeet Kaur , Morteza Sarmadi

We propose a novel loss function that dynamically rescales the cross entropy based on prediction difficulty regarding a sample. Deep neural network architectures in image classification tasks struggle to disambiguate visually similar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Serim Ryou , Seong-Gyun Jeong , Pietro Perona

Significant advances have been made recently on training neural networks, where the main challenge is in solving an optimization problem with abundant critical points. However, existing approaches to address this issue crucially rely on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Weihao Gao , Ashok Vardhan Makkuva , Sewoong Oh , Pramod Viswanath

Loss function learning is a new meta-learning paradigm that aims to automate the essential task of designing a loss function for a machine learning model. Existing techniques for loss function learning have shown promising results, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christian Raymond , Qi Chen , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang

Deep neural networks have recently advanced the state-of-the-art in image compression and surpassed many traditional compression algorithms. The training of such networks involves carefully trading off entropy of the latent representation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-03 Maurice Weber , Cedric Renggli , Helmut Grabner , Ce Zhang

In the last years, deep learning has dramatically improved the performances in a variety of medical image analysis applications. Among different types of deep learning models, convolutional neural networks have been among the most…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-23 Minh H. Vu , Gabriella Norman , Tufve Nyholm , Tommy Löfstedt

Metalearning of deep neural network (DNN) architectures and hyperparameters has become an increasingly important area of research. Loss functions are a type of metaknowledge that is crucial to effective training of DNNs, however, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Santiago Gonzalez , Risto Miikkulainen

In computer vision, it is often observed that formulating regression problems as a classification task often yields better performance. We investigate this curious phenomenon and provide a derivation to show that classification, with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Shihao Zhang , Linlin Yang , Michael Bi Mi , Xiaoxu Zheng , Angela Yao

Standard deep neural networks (DNNs) are commonly trained in an end-to-end fashion for specific tasks such as object recognition, face identification, or character recognition, among many examples. This specificity often leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Raphaël Achddou , J. Matias di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

Most Neural Networks (NNs) for classification are trained using Cross-Entropy as a loss function. This approach requires the model to have an explicit classification layer. However, there exist alternative approaches, such as Contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Leonardo Arrighi , Julia Eva Belloni , Aurélie Gallet , Ivan Gentile , Matteo Lippi , Marco Zullich

Advancing loss function design is pivotal for optimizing neural network training and performance. This work introduces Random Linear Projections (RLP) loss, a novel approach that enhances training efficiency by leveraging geometric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Shyam Venkatasubramanian , Ahmed Aloui , Vahid Tarokh

Meta-learning is widely used in few-shot classification and function regression due to its ability to quickly adapt to unseen tasks. However, it has not yet been well explored on regression tasks with high dimensional inputs such as images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Ning Gao , Hanna Ziesche , Ngo Anh Vien , Michael Volpp , Gerhard Neumann

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance on a range of classification tasks, with softmax cross-entropy (CE) loss emerging as the de-facto objective function. The CE loss encourages features of a class to have a higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Kanchana Ranasinghe , Muzammal Naseer , Munawar Hayat , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

During the training process, deep neural networks implicitly learn to represent the input data samples through a hierarchy of features, where the size of the hierarchy is determined by the number of layers. In this paper, we focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Florinel-Alin Croitoru , Diana-Nicoleta Grigore , Radu Tudor Ionescu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), especially message-passing-based models, have become prominent in top-k recommendation tasks, outperforming matrix factorization models due to their ability to efficiently aggregate information from a broader…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Yannis Karmim , Elias Ramzi , Raphaël Fournier-S'niehotta , Nicolas Thome

Cross-entropy loss is the standard metric used to train classification models in deep learning and gradient boosting. It is well-known that this loss function fails to account for similarities between the different values of the target. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Brian Lucena

Structural design of neural networks is crucial for the success of deep learning. While most prior works in evolutionary learning aim at directly searching the structure of a network, few attempts have been made on another promising track,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Yuchen Liu , S. Y. Kung , David Wentzlaff

Metric learning has become an attractive field for research on the latest years. Loss functions like contrastive loss, triplet loss or multi-class N-pair loss have made possible generating models capable of tackling complex scenarios with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Alfonso Medela , Artzai Picon

In recent years, deep perceptual loss has been widely and successfully used to train machine learning models for many computer vision tasks, including image synthesis, segmentation, and autoencoding. Deep perceptual loss is a type of loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Gustav Grund Pihlgren , Konstantina Nikolaidou , Prakash Chandra Chhipa , Nosheen Abid , Rajkumar Saini , Fredrik Sandin , Marcus Liwicki