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Diffusion models (DMs) are a class of generative machine learning methods that sample a target distribution by transforming samples of a trivial (often Gaussian) distribution using a learned stochastic differential equation. In standard…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-15 Luke Causer , Grant M. Rotskoff , Juan P. Garrahan

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are likelihood-based models for continuous inputs. They have demonstrated promising results on both density estimation and generative modeling tasks, but have received relatively little attention in recent years. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Shuangfei Zhai , Ruixiang Zhang , Preetum Nakkiran , David Berthelot , Jiatao Gu , Huangjie Zheng , Tianrong Chen , Miguel Angel Bautista , Navdeep Jaitly , Josh Susskind

Normalizing flows transform a latent distribution through an invertible neural network for a flexible and pleasingly simple approach to generative modelling, while preserving an exact likelihood. We propose FlowGMM, an end-to-end approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Pavel Izmailov , Polina Kirichenko , Marc Finzi , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Generative models such as denoising diffusion models are quickly advancing their ability to approximate highly complex data distributions. They are also increasingly leveraged in scientific machine learning, where samples from the implied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Jan-Hendrik Bastek , WaiChing Sun , Dennis M. Kochmann

Diffusion models have been widely adopted in image generation, producing higher-quality and more diverse samples than generative adversarial networks (GANs). We introduce a latent diffusion model (LDM) for precipitation nowcasting -…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-04-26 Jussi Leinonen , Ulrich Hamann , Daniele Nerini , Urs Germann , Gabriele Franch

Instructional video editing applies edits to an input video using only text prompts, enabling intuitive natural-language control. Despite rapid progress, most methods still require fixed-length inputs and substantial compute. Meanwhile,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Mohammadreza Salehi , Mehdi Noroozi , Luca Morreale , Ruchika Chavhan , Malcolm Chadwick , Alberto Gil Ramos , Abhinav Mehrotra

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are rapidly emerging as a powerful and promising alternative to the dominant autoregressive (AR) paradigm. By generating tokens in parallel through an iterative denoising process, DLMs possess inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Tianyi Li , Mingda Chen , Bowei Guo , Zhiqiang Shen

Generative Diffusion Models (GDMs) have emerged as a transformative force in the realm of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), demonstrating their versatility and efficacy across various applications. The ability to model complex…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Hongyang Du , Ruichen Zhang , Yinqiu Liu , Jiacheng Wang , Yijing Lin , Zonghang Li , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Shuguang Cui , Bo Ai , Haibo Zhou , Dong In Kim

Diffusion models have demonstrated empirical successes in various applications and can be adapted to task-specific needs via guidance. This paper studies a form of gradient guidance for adapting a pre-trained diffusion model towards…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-17 Yingqing Guo , Hui Yuan , Yukang Yang , Minshuo Chen , Mengdi Wang

Denoising diffusion models (DDM) have gained recent traction in medical image translation given improved training stability over adversarial models. DDMs learn a multi-step denoising transformation to progressively map random Gaussian-noise…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 Fuat Arslan , Bilal Kabas , Onat Dalmaz , Muzaffer Ozbey , Tolga Çukur

Diffusion models are a new class of generative models that have shown outstanding performance in image generation literature. As a consequence, studies have attempted to apply diffusion models to other tasks, such as speech enhancement. A…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Philippe Gonzalez , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jan Østergaard , Jesper Jensen , Tommy Sonne Alstrøm , Tobias May

The most advanced diffusion models have recently adopted increasingly deep stacked networks (e.g., U-Net or Transformer) to promote the generative emergence capabilities of vision generation models similar to large language models (LLMs).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Zhiyuan Ma , Liangliang Zhao , Biqing Qi , Bowen Zhou

Despite the remarkable progress in deep generative models, synthesizing high-resolution and temporally coherent videos still remains a challenge due to their high-dimensionality and complex temporal dynamics along with large spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Sihyun Yu , Kihyuk Sohn , Subin Kim , Jinwoo Shin

In contemporary deep learning, a prevalent and effective workflow for solving low-data problems is adapting powerful pre-trained foundation models (FMs) to new tasks via parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). However, while empirically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Fady Rezk , Royson Lee , Henry Gouk , Timothy Hospedales , Minyoung Kim

Learning to sample from intractable distributions over discrete sets without relying on corresponding training data is a central problem in a wide range of fields, including Combinatorial Optimization. Currently, popular deep learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sebastian Sanokowski , Sepp Hochreiter , Sebastian Lehner

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have achieved notable progress in modeling discrete data, while their potential in molecular generation remains underexplored. In this work, we explore their potential and introduce the surprising result that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Hyunjin Seo , Taewon Kim , Sihyun Yu , SungSoo Ahn

Diffusion models generate data by learning to reverse a forward process, where samples are progressively perturbed with Gaussian noise according to a predefined noise schedule. From a geometric perspective, each noise schedule corresponds…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Teng Zhang , Hongxu Jiang , Kuang Gong , Wei Shao

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for modeling turbulent flow and is commonly used for urban microclimate simulations. However, traditional CFD methods are computationally intensive, requiring substantial hardware…

Generative modeling within constrained sets is essential for scientific and engineering applications involving physical, geometric, or safety requirements (e.g., molecular generation, robotics). We present a unified framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kijung Jeon , Michael Muehlebach , Molei Tao

Diffusion models represent a powerful family of generative models widely used for image and video generation. However, the time-consuming deployment, long inference time, and requirements on large memory hinder their applications on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Kafeng Wang , Jianfei Chen , He Li , Zhenpeng Mi , Jun Zhu