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Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as an influential technique, enabling the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite the promising potential of RLHF, how to protect user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jiaming Zhang , Mingxi Lei , Meng Ding , Mengdi Li , Zihang Xiang , Difei Xu , Jinhui Xu , Di Wang

Large language models (LLMs) trained with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their underlying reward functions and decision-making processes remain opaque. This paper introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jared Joselowitz , Ritam Majumdar , Arjun Jagota , Matthieu Bou , Nyal Patel , Satyapriya Krishna , Sonali Parbhoo

The burgeoning field of autonomous driving necessitates the seamless integration of autonomous vehicles (AVs) with human-driven vehicles, calling for more predictable AV behavior and enhanced interaction with human drivers. Human-like…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Yuting Wang , Lu Liu , Maonan Wang , Xi Xiong

In recent advancements in Conversational Large Language Models (LLMs), a concerning trend has emerged, showing that many new base LLMs experience a knowledge reduction in their foundational capabilities following Supervised Fine-Tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Chen Zheng , Ke Sun , Hang Wu , Chenguang Xi , Xun Zhou

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is the standard method to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. In this work, we introduce alignment tampering, a potential vulnerability where the LLM undergoing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Dongyoon Hahm , Dylan Hadfield-Menell , Kimin Lee

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) is a methodology designed to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, playing an important role in LLMs alignment. Despite its advantages, RLHF relies on human annotators…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jiongxiao Wang , Junlin Wu , Muhao Chen , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Chaowei Xiao

We introduce a large language model (LLM) capable of processing speech inputs and show that tuning it further with reinforcement learning on human preference (RLHF) enables it to adapt better to disordered speech than traditional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Chirag Nagpal , Subhashini Venugopalan , Jimmy Tobin , Marilyn Ladewig , Katherine Heller , Katrin Tomanek

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) aligns language models with human preferences but is computationally expensive. We explore two approaches that leverage human gaze modeling to enhance RLHF: (1) gaze-aware reward models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Karim Galliamov , Ivan Titov , Ilya Pershin

We provide a theoretical framework for Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF). Our analysis shows that when the true reward function is linear, the widely used maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) converges under both the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Banghua Zhu , Jiantao Jiao , Michael I. Jordan

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is crucial for aligning large language models with human preferences. While recent research has focused on algorithmic improvements, the importance of prompt-data construction has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Wei Shen , Guanlin Liu , Zheng Wu , Ruofei Zhu , Qingping Yang , Chao Xin , Yu Yue , Lin Yan

Reinforcement learning in large reasoning models enables learning from feedback on their outputs, making it particularly valuable in scenarios where fine-tuning data is limited. However, its application in multi-modal human activity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Wenqi Zheng , Yutaka Arakawa

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) and Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) are the main RL paradigms used in LLM post-training, each offering distinct advantages. However, RLHF struggles with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhilin Wang , Jiaqi Zeng , Olivier Delalleau , Ellie Evans , Daniel Egert , Hoo-Chang Shin , Felipe Soares , Yi Dong , Oleksii Kuchaiev

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) excel at comprehending human instructions and demonstrate remarkable results across a broad spectrum of tasks. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and AI Feedback (RLAIF) further refine LLMs by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ju-Seung Byun , Jiyun Chun , Jihyung Kil , Andrew Perrault

Large language models (LLMs) show strong capabilities in general reasoning but typically lack reliability in scientific domains like quantum mechanics, which demand strict adherence to physical constraints. This limitation arises from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Songxin Qu , Tai-Ping Sun , Yun-Jie Wang , Huan-Yu Liu , Cheng Xue , Xiao-Fan Xu , Han Fang , Yang Yang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo , Zhao-Yun Chen

In the era of increasing privacy concerns and demand for personalized experiences, traditional Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) frameworks face significant challenges due to their reliance on centralized data. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Flint Xiaofeng Fan , Cheston Tan , Yew-Soon Ong , Roger Wattenhofer , Wei-Tsang Ooi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance on a range of downstream NLP tasks by generating text that closely resembles human writing. However, the ease of achieving this similarity raises concerns from potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Beining Xu , Arkaitz Zubiaga

While Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, they suffer from hallucination problems, where models generate plausible yet incorrect answers given the input image-query pair.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Xiaoye Qu , Mingyang Song , Wei Wei , Jianfeng Dong , Yu Cheng

Human preferences are widely used to align large language models (LLMs) through methods such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, the current user interfaces require annotators to compare text paragraphs, which is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Danqing Shi , Furui Cheng , Tino Weinkauf , Antti Oulasvirta , Mennatallah El-Assady

Seeing clearly with high resolution is a foundation of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), which has been proven to be vital for visual perception and reasoning. Existing works usually employ a straightforward resolution upscaling method, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Yi-Fan Zhang , Qingsong Wen , Chaoyou Fu , Xue Wang , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) allows us to train models, such as language models (LMs), to follow complex human preferences. In RLHF for LMs, we first train an LM using supervised fine-tuning, sample pairs of responses,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Johannes Ackermann , Takashi Ishida , Masashi Sugiyama