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Aiming at providing wireless communication systems with environment-perceptive capacity, emerging integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technologies face multiple difficulties, especially in balancing the performance trade-off between…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Xin Zhao , Heng Liu , Shiqi Gong , Xin Ju , Chengwen Xing , Nan Zhao

This letter proposes a movable beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (MA-BD-RIS) design, combining inter-element connectivity and movability for channel enhancement. We study a MA-BD-RIS assisted multi-user multiple input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Shuyue Xu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs), originally in the passive form, have attracted attention due to their benefits in enhanced wave manipulating through flexible inter-element connections and element arrangements.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Fu Liu , Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen

This work studies the modeling and optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) aided wireless communication systems in the presence of mutual coupling among the RIS elements. Specifically, we first derive the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Matteo Nerini , Marco Di Renzo , Bruno Clerckx

Achieving efficient and cost-effective transmit beampattern control for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems is a significant challenge. This paper addresses this by proposing a dual-function radar communication (DFRC)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Emanuele Grossi , Marco Lops , Luca Venturino

Integrating BD-RIS into wireless communications systems has attracted significant interest due to its transformative potential in enhancing system performance. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of BD-RIS technology, examining…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Omar Maraqa , Majid H. Khoshafa , Olutayo O. Oyerinde , Telex M. N. Ngatched

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for future wireless communication systems. Conventional RIS is constrained to a diagonal scattering matrix, which limits its flexibility. Recently, beyond-diagonal RIS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Zheyu Wu , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT) is promising for promoting sustainability in future wireless systems, but its low end-to-end power transfer efficiency is a critical challenge. For this, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-06 Amirhossein Azarbahram , Onel L. A. López , Bruno Clerckx , Marco Di Renzo , Matti Latva-aho

A hybrid transmitting and reflecting beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) design is proposed. Operating in the same aperture, frequency band and polarization, the proposed BD-RIS features independent beam steering…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Zhaoyang Ming , Shanpu Shen , Junhui Rao , Zan Li , Jichen Zhang , Chi Yuk Chiu , Ross Murch

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) is a promising technology for further improving spectral efficiency (SE) with low cost and power consumption. However, conventional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yizhuo Li , Jiakang Zheng , Bokai Xu , Yiyang Zhu , Jiayi Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Bo Ai

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology for enhancing wireless communication by intelligently manipulating the propagation environment. Its interconnected elements offer…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Wali Ullah Khan , Chandan Kumar Sheemar , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a new advance and generalization of the RIS technique. BD-RIS breaks through the isolation between RIS elements by creatively introducing inter-element connections, thereby…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Yumeng Zhang , Bruno Clerckx

This work studies the wideband modeling and beamforming design of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which generalizes and goes beyond conventional RIS with diagonal phase shift matrices to achieve enhanced channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for 6G networks owing to its superior ability to enhance the capacity and coverage of wireless communications by smartly creating a favorable propagation environment. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-27 Rang Liu , Ming Li , Yang Liu , Qingqing Wu , Qian Liu

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a key technology to control the communication environment in future wireless networks. Recently, beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) emerged as a generalization of RIS achieving larger coverage through…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Matteo Nerini , Golsa Ghiaasi , Bruno Clerckx

Written by its inventors, this first tutorial on Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RISs) provides the readers with the basics and fundamental tools necessary to appreciate, understand, and contribute to this emerging…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which enables advanced wave control through interconnection of RIS elements, are gaining growing recognition as a promising technology for 6G and beyond. However, the enhanced…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Xiaohua Zhou , Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is regarded as a key enabler of wave/analog-domain beamforming, processing, and computing in future wireless communication systems. Recently, Beyond Diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has been proposed as a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zheyu Wu , Bruno Clerckx

In this paper, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is employed in a millimeter wave (mmWave) integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) system. To alleviate the multi-hop attenuation, the semi-self sensing RIS approach is adopted,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-03 Wanting Lyu , Songjie Yang , Yue Xiu , Ya Li , Hongjun He , Chau Yuen , Zhongpei Zhang

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) are an emerging RIS 2.0 technology for future wireless communication. However, BD-RISs are primarily passive without active amplification, suffering from severe multiplicative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Shanpu Shen , Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Qingqing Wu , Bruno Clerckx