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Training autonomous agents with sparse rewards is a long-standing problem in online reinforcement learning (RL), due to low data efficiency. Prior work overcomes this challenge by extracting useful knowledge from offline data, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Qianlan Yang , Yu-Xiong Wang

A key barrier to using reinforcement learning (RL) in many real-world applications is the requirement of a large number of system interactions to learn a good control policy. Off-policy and Offline RL methods have been proposed to reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Wenqi Cui , Linbin Huang , Weiwei Yang , Baosen Zhang

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) is structured to derive policies from static trajectory data without requiring real-time environment interactions. Recent studies have shown the feasibility of framing offline RL as a sequence modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Abdelghani Ghanem , Philippe Ciblat , Mounir Ghogho

Offline safe reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for learning safe behaviors without engaging in risky online interactions with the environment. Most existing methods in offline safe RL rely on cost constraints…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ze Gong , Akshat Kumar , Pradeep Varakantham

One of the key challenges of Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the ability of agents to generalise their learned policy to unseen settings. Moreover, training RL agents requires large numbers of interactions with the environment. Motivated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Alain Andres , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht , Javier Del Ser

This study presents a novel approach to addressing offline reinforcement learning (RL) problems by reframing them as regression tasks that can be effectively solved using Decision Trees. Mainly, we introduce two distinct frameworks:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Prajwal Koirala , Cody Fleming

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to optimize the return given a fixed dataset of agent trajectories without additional interactions with the environment. While algorithm development has progressed rapidly, significant theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Fengdi Che

Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables an intelligent agent to optimise its performance in a task by continuously taking action from an observed state and receiving a feedback from the environment in form of rewards. RL typically uses tables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Alberto Castagna

Reinforcement learning (RL) in the real world necessitates the development of procedures that enable agents to explore without causing harm to themselves or others. The most successful solutions to the problem of safe RL leverage offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Alexander Quessy , Thomas Richardson , Sebastian East

Reinforcement learning (RL) makes an agent learn from trial-and-error experiences gathered during the interaction with the environment. Recently, offline RL has become a popular RL paradigm because it saves the interactions with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Chen Gong , Zhou Yang , Yunpeng Bai , Junda He , Jieke Shi , Kecen Li , Arunesh Sinha , Bowen Xu , Xinwen Hou , David Lo , Tianhao Wang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) represents a significant shift in RL research, allowing agents to learn from pre-collected datasets without further interaction with the environment. A key, yet underexplored, challenge in offline RL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yiqin Yang , Quanwei Wang , Chenghao Li , Hao Hu , Chengjie Wu , Yuhua Jiang , Dianyu Zhong , Ziyou Zhang , Qianchuan Zhao , Chongjie Zhang , Xu Bo

As Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, ensuring their behavior is transparent and trustworthy is paramount. A key component of trust is explainability, yet much of the work in Explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Clifford F , Devika Jay , Abhishek Sarkar , Satheesh K Perepu , Santhosh G S , Kaushik Dey , Balaraman Ravindran

A long-standing goal in AI is to develop agents capable of solving diverse tasks across a range of environments, including those never seen during training. Two dominant paradigms address this challenge: (i) reinforcement learning (RL),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Vlad Sobal , Wancong Zhang , Kyunghyun Cho , Randall Balestriero , Tim G. J. Rudner , Yann LeCun

Natural agents can effectively learn from multiple data sources that differ in size, quality, and types of measurements. We study this heterogeneity in the context of offline reinforcement learning (RL) by introducing a new, practically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Qinqing Zheng , Mikael Henaff , Brandon Amos , Aditya Grover

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved impressive performance in a variety of online settings in which an agent's ability to query the environment for transitions and rewards is effectively unlimited. However, in many practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Anurag Ajay , Aviral Kumar , Pulkit Agrawal , Sergey Levine , Ofir Nachum

Data collection is crucial for learning robust world models in model-based reinforcement learning. The most prevalent strategies are to actively collect trajectories by interacting with the environment during online training or training on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jiaqi Chen , Ji Shi , Cansu Sancaktar , Jonas Frey , Georg Martius

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims at learning an optimal control from a fixed dataset, without interactions with the system. An agent in this setting should avoid selecting actions whose consequences cannot be predicted from the…

Explanation is a key component for the adoption of reinforcement learning (RL) in many real-world decision-making problems. In the literature, the explanation is often provided by saliency attribution to the features of the RL agent's…

Implementing an autonomous vehicle that is able to output feasible, smooth and efficient trajectories is a long-standing challenge. Several approaches have been considered, roughly falling under two categories: rule-based and learning-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Branka Mirchevska , Moritz Werling , Joschka Boedecker

The appearance of transformer-based models in Reinforcement Learning (RL) has expanded the horizons of possibilities in robotics tasks, but it has simultaneously brought a wide range of challenges during its implementation, especially in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Daniil Zelezetsky , Alexey K. Kovalev , Aleksandr I. Panov
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