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Adapting language models (LMs) to new tasks via post-training carries the risk of degrading existing capabilities -- a phenomenon classically known as catastrophic forgetting. In this paper, toward identifying guidelines for mitigating this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Howard Chen , Noam Razin , Karthik Narasimhan , Danqi Chen

Catastrophic forgetting - the tendency of neural networks to forget previously learned data when learning new information - remains a central challenge in continual learning. In this work, we adopt a behavioral approach, observing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Guy Hacohen , Tinne Tuytelaars

The lifelong learning paradigm in machine learning is an attractive alternative to the more prominent isolated learning scheme not only due to its resemblance to biological learning but also its potential to reduce energy waste by obviating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Sanket Vaibhav Mehta , Darshan Patil , Sarath Chandar , Emma Strubell

Continual learning (CL) enables deep neural networks to adapt to ever-changing data distributions. In practice, there may be scenarios where annotation is costly, leading to active continual learning (ACL), which performs active learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jaehyun Park , Dongmin Park , Jae-Gil Lee

Meta continual learning algorithms seek to train a model when faced with similar tasks observed in a sequential manner. Despite promising methodological advancements, there is a lack of theoretical frameworks that enable analysis of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 R. Krishnan , Prasanna Balaprakash

We present Gaussian Mixture Replay (GMR), a rehearsal-based approach for continual learning (CL) based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). CL approaches are intended to tackle the problem of catastrophic forgetting (CF), which occurs for Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Benedikt Pfülb , Alexander Gepperth

Rehearsal-based methods have shown superior performance in addressing catastrophic forgetting in continual learning (CL) by storing and training on a subset of past data alongside new data in current task. While such a concurrent rehearsal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Junze Deng , Qinhang Wu , Peizhong Ju , Sen Lin , Yingbin Liang , Ness Shroff

Task-incremental continual learning refers to continually training a model in a sequence of tasks while overcoming the problem of catastrophic forgetting (CF). The issue arrives for the reason that the learned representations are forgotten…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yun Luo , Xiaotian Lin , Zhen Yang , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Yue Zhang

We introduce a novel continual learning problem: how to sequentially update the weights of a personalized 2D and 3D generative face model as new batches of photos in different appearances, styles, poses, and lighting are captured regularly.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Annie N. Wang , Luchao Qi , Roni Sengupta

Continual Learning (CL) aims at incrementally learning new tasks without forgetting the knowledge acquired from old ones. Experience Replay (ER) is a simple and effective rehearsal-based strategy, which optimizes the model with current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tao Zhuo , Zhiyong Cheng , Zan Gao , Hehe Fan , Mohan Kankanhalli

Continual learning (CL) aims to extend deep models from static and enclosed environments to dynamic and complex scenarios, enabling systems to continuously acquire new knowledge of novel categories without forgetting previously learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Sunyuan Qiang , Xuxin Lin , Yanyan Liang , Jun Wan , Du Zhang

Despite significant advances, continual learning models still suffer from catastrophic forgetting when exposed to incrementally available data from non-stationary distributions. Rehearsal approaches alleviate the problem by maintaining and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-02 Binh Tang , David S. Matteson

Continual learning refers to the capability of a machine learning model to learn and adapt to new information, without compromising its performance on previously learned tasks. Although several studies have investigated continual learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jingrui Hou , Georgina Cosma , Axel Finke

Replay in neural networks involves training on sequential data with memorized samples, which counteracts forgetting of previous behavior caused by non-stationarity. We present a method where these auxiliary samples are generated on the fly,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Xu Ji , Joao Henriques , Tinne Tuytelaars , Andrea Vedaldi

Continual learning (CL) learns a sequence of tasks incrementally with the goal of achieving two main objectives: overcoming catastrophic forgetting (CF) and encouraging knowledge transfer (KT) across tasks. However, most existing techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu , Nianzu Ma , Hu Xu , Lei Shu

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) happens whenever a neural network overwrites past knowledge while being trained on new tasks. Common techniques to handle CF include regularization of the weights (using, e.g., their importance on past tasks),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-06 Jary Pomponi , Simone Scardapane , Aurelio Uncini

In continual and lifelong learning, good representation learning can help increase performance and reduce sample complexity when learning new tasks. There is evidence that representations do not suffer from "catastrophic forgetting" even in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Xiao Zhang , Dejing Dou , Ji Wu

Predictive learning ideally builds the world model of physical processes in one or more given environments. Typical setups assume that we can collect data from all environments at all times. In practice, however, different prediction tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Geng Chen , Wendong Zhang , Han Lu , Siyu Gao , Yunbo Wang , Mingsheng Long , Xiaokang Yang

Continual Learning (CL) methods aim to enable machine learning models to learn new tasks without catastrophic forgetting of those that have been previously mastered. Existing CL approaches often keep a buffer of previously-seen samples,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Dong Gong , Qingsen Yan , Yuhang Liu , Anton van den Hengel , Javen Qinfeng Shi

In continual learning, a system learns from non-stationary data streams or batches without catastrophic forgetting. While this problem has been heavily studied in supervised image classification and reinforcement learning, continual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Tyler L. Hayes , Christopher Kanan