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Sparse Upcycling provides an efficient way to initialize a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model from pretrained dense weights instead of training from scratch. However, since all experts start from identical weights and the router is randomly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sanghyeok Chu , Pyunghwan Ahn , Gwangmo Song , SeungHwan Kim , Honglak Lee , Bohyung Han

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the key to scaling modern LLMs, yet little is understood about how their sparse routing dynamics respond to multilingual data. In this work, we analyze expert routing patterns using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Lucas Bandarkar , Chenyuan Yang , Mohsen Fayyaz , Junlin Hu , Nanyun Peng

Encoder-decoder transformer models have achieved great success on various vision-language (VL) tasks, but they suffer from high inference latency. Typically, the decoder takes up most of the latency because of the auto-regressive decoding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Peng Tang , Pengkai Zhu , Tian Li , Srikar Appalaraju , Vijay Mahadevan , R. Manmatha

Scaling the size of language models usually leads to remarkable advancements in NLP tasks. But it often comes with a price of growing computational cost. Although a sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) can reduce the cost by activating a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Shwai He , Run-Ze Fan , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Dacheng Tao

In human-centric settings like education or healthcare, model accuracy and model explainability are key factors for user adoption. Towards these two goals, intrinsically interpretable deep learning models have gained popularity, focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Vinitra Swamy , Syrielle Montariol , Julian Blackwell , Jibril Frej , Martin Jaggi , Tanja Käser

Mixture-of-experts networks (MoEs) have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in modern deep learning. Despite their empirical success, the theoretical foundations underlying their ability to model complex tasks remain poorly understood. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mingze Wang , Weinan E

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often English-centric due to the disproportionate distribution of languages in their pre-training data. Enhancing non-English language capabilities through post-pretraining often results in catastrophic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Hao Zhou , Zhijun Wang , Shujian Huang , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Weihua Luo , Jiajun Chen

Recent vision-language models (VLMs) achieve remarkable reasoning through reinforcement learning (RL), which provides a feasible solution for realizing continuous self-evolving large vision-language models (LVLMs) in the era of experience.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Tingyu Li , Zheng Sun , Jingxuan Wei , Siyuan Li , Conghui He , Lijun Wu , Cheng Tan

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved tremendous breakthroughs in the field of NLP, but still lack understanding of their internal neuron activities when processing different languages. We designed a method to convert dense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Weize Liu , Yinlong Xu , Hongxia Xu , Jintai Chen , Xuming Hu , Jian Wu

Upcycling pre-trained dense language models into sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) models is an efficient approach to increase the model capacity of already trained models. However, optimal techniques for upcycling at scale remain unclear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ethan He , Abhinav Khattar , Ryan Prenger , Vijay Korthikanti , Zijie Yan , Tong Liu , Shiqing Fan , Ashwath Aithal , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

We present Entropy Adaptive Decoding (EAD), a novel approach for efficient language model inference that dynamically switches between different-sized models based on prediction uncertainty. By monitoring rolling entropy in model logit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Toby Simonds

In this work, we introduce Speech-Copilot, a modular framework for instruction-oriented speech-processing tasks that minimizes human effort in toolset construction. Unlike end-to-end methods using large audio-language models, Speech-Copilot…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-24 Chun-Yi Kuan , Chih-Kai Yang , Wei-Ping Huang , Ke-Han Lu , Hung-yi Lee

Definition Extraction (DE) is one of the well-known topics in Information Extraction that aims to identify terms and their corresponding definitions in unstructured texts. This task can be formalized either as a sentence classification task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Amir Pouran Ben Veyseh , Franck Dernoncourt , Dejing Dou , Thien Huu Nguyen

Event extraction (EE) is a critical direction in the field of information extraction, laying an important foundation for the construction of structured knowledge bases. EE from text has received ample research and attention for years, yet…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Bin Wang , Meishan Zhang , Hao Fei , Yu Zhao , Bobo Li , Shengqiong Wu , Wei Ji , Min Zhang

Estimating uncertainty in text-to-image diffusion models is challenging because of their large parameter counts (often exceeding 100 million) and operation in complex, high-dimensional spaces with virtually infinite input possibilities. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lucas Berry , Axel Brando , Wei-Di Chang , Juan Camilo Gamboa Higuera , David Meger

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models reduce per-token computation but still require storing and serving all experts, making deployment memory-intensive. Existing post-training compression methods mainly shrink this cost by pruning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yilun Yao , Jiaming Pan , Elsie Dai , Peizhuang Cong , Yaoming Li , Tong Yang

We present the Mixture-of-Tunable-Experts (MoTE), a method that extends the Mixture-of-Experts architecture of Large Language Models (LLMs). Without additional training, MoTE enables meaningful and focused behavior changes in LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Robert Dahlke , Henrik Klagges , Dan Zecha , Benjamin Merkel , Sven Rohr , Fabian Klemm

Mixture-of-Experts models have become a dominant architecture for scaling Large Language Models by activating only a sparse subset of experts per token. However, latency-critical MoE inference faces a fundamental tension: while expert…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Qianchao Zhu , Xucheng Ye , Yuliang Liu , Haodong Ouyang , Chengru Song

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, though highly effective for various machine learning tasks, face significant deployment challenges on memory-constrained devices. While GPUs offer fast inference, their limited memory compared to CPUs means…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yujie Zhang , Shivam Aggarwal , Tulika Mitra

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become the de facto architecture for hundred-billion-parameter language models, yet its advantages at sub-billion scales for on-device deployment remain largely unexplored. To close this gap, we present…