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Background. In modern software development, the use of external libraries and packages is increasingly prevalent, streamlining the software development process and enabling developers to deploy feature-rich systems with little coding. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Haya Samaana , Diego Elias Costa , Emad Shihab , Ahmad Abdellatif

Protecting software supply chains from malicious packages is paramount in the evolving landscape of software development. Attacks on the software supply chain involve attackers injecting harmful software into commonly used packages or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 S. Halder , M. Bewong , A. Mahboubi , Y. Jiang , R. Islam , Z. Islam , R. Ip , E. Ahmed , G. Ramachandran , A. Babar

PyPI provides a convenient and accessible package management platform to developers, enabling them to quickly implement specific functions and improve work efficiency. However, the rapid development of the PyPI ecosystem has led to a severe…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Wenbo Guo , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Cheng Huang , Yong Fang , Yang Liu

Recently, the number of malicious open-source packages in package repositories has been increasing dramatically. While major security scanners focus on identifying known Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) in open-source packages,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Thanh-Cong Nguyen , Ngoc-Thanh Nguyen , Van-Giau Ung , Duc-Ly Vu

The prevalence of malicious packages in open-source repositories, such as PyPI, poses a critical threat to the software supply chain. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising tool for automated security tasks, their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ahmed Ryan , Ibrahim Khalil , Abdullah Al Jahid , Md Erfan , Sungbin Park , Akond Ashfaque Ur Rahman , Md Rayhanur Rahman

The increasingly sophisticated environment in which attackers operate makes software security an even greater challenge in open-source projects, where malicious packages are prevalent. Static analysis tools, such as Malcontent, are highly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Duc-Ly Vu , Thanh-Cong Nguyen , Minh-Khanh Vu , Ngoc-Thanh Nguyen , Kim-Anh Do Thi

The open-source software (OSS) ecosystem suffers from security threats caused by malware.However, OSS malware research has three limitations: a lack of high-quality datasets, a lack of malware diversity, and a lack of attack campaign…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Xiaoyan Zhou , Ying Zhang , Wenjia Niu , Jiqiang Liu , Haining Wang , Qiang Li

Current software supply chains heavily rely on open-source packages hosted in public repositories. Given the popularity of ecosystems like npm and PyPI, malicious users started to spread malware by publishing open-source packages containing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Piergiorgio Ladisa , Serena Elisa Ponta , Nicola Ronzoni , Matias Martinez , Olivier Barais

The Python Package Index (PyPI) has become a target for malicious actors, yet existing detection tools generate false positive rates of 15-30%, incorrectly flagging one-third of legitimate packages as malicious. This problem arises because…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Wenbo Guo , Chengwei Liu , Ming Kang , Yiran Zhang , Jiahui Wu , Zhengzi Xu , Vinay Sachidananda , Yang Liu

Malicious software packages in open-source ecosystems, such as PyPI, pose growing security risks. Unlike traditional vulnerabilities, these packages are intentionally designed to deceive users, making detection challenging due to evolving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Motunrayo Ibiyo , Thinakone Louangdy , Phuong T. Nguyen , Claudio Di Sipio , Davide Di Ruscio

The widespread adoption of open-source ecosystems enables developers to integrate third-party packages, but also exposes them to malicious packages crafted to execute harmful behavior via public repositories such as PyPI. Existing datasets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ahmed Ryan , Junaid Mansur Ifti , Md Erfan , Akond Ashfaque Ur Rahman , Md Rayhanur Rahman

The NPM ecosystem has become a primary target for software supply chain attacks, yet existing detection tools are evaluated in isolation on incompatible datasets, making cross-tool comparison unreliable. We conduct a benchmark-driven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenbo Guo , Zhongwen Chen , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Ming Kang , Shiwen Song , Chengyue Liu , Yijia Xu , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu

The exponential growth of open-source package ecosystems, particularly NPM and PyPI, has led to an alarming increase in software supply chain poisoning attacks. Existing static analysis methods struggle with high false positive rates and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Xinyi Zheng , Chen Wei , Shenao Wang , Yanjie Zhao , Peiming Gao , Yuanchao Zhang , Kailong Wang , Haoyu Wang

Open-source software (OSS) supply chain enlarges the attack surface, which makes package registries attractive targets for attacks. Recently, package registries NPM and PyPI have been flooded with malicious packages. The effectiveness of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Junan Zhang , Kaifeng Huang , Yiheng Huang , Bihuan Chen , Ruisi Wang , Chong Wang , Xin Peng

Open-source software serves as a foundation for the internet and the cyber supply chain, but its exploitation is becoming increasingly prevalent. While advances in vulnerability detection for OSS have been significant, prior research has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zhuoran Tan , Christos Anagnosstopoulos , Jeremy Singer

Malicious Python packages make software supply chains vulnerable by exploiting trust in open-source repositories like Python Package Index (PyPI). Lack of real-time behavioral monitoring makes metadata inspection and static code analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Sk Tanzir Mehedi , Chadni Islam , Gowri Ramachandran , Raja Jurdak

Malicious package detection has become a critical task in ensuring the security and stability of the PyPI. Existing detection approaches have focused on advancing model selection, evolving from traditional machine learning (ML) models to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Xingan Gao , Xiaobing Sun , Sicong Cao , Kaifeng Huang , Di Wu , Xiaolei Liu , Xingwei Lin , Yang Xiang

With the growing popularity of modularity in software development comes the rise of package managers and language ecosystems. Among them, npm stands out as the most extensive package manager, hosting more than 2 million third-party…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Cheng Huang , Nannan Wang , Ziyan Wang , Siqi Sun , Lingzi Li , Junren Chen , Qianchong Zhao , Jiaxuan Han , Zhen Yang , Lei Shi

The npm registry is one of the pillars of the JavaScript and TypeScript ecosystems, hosting over 1.7 million packages ranging from simple utility libraries to complex frameworks and entire applications. Due to the overwhelming popularity of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Adriana Sejfia , Max Schäfer

Malicious code in open-source repositories such as PyPI poses a growing threat to software supply chains. Traditional rule-based tools often overlook the semantic patterns in source code that are crucial for identifying adversarial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Muhammad Umar Zeshan , Motunrayo Ibiyo , Claudio Di Sipio , Phuong T. Nguyen , Davide Di Ruscio
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