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Reasoning-augmented vision language models (VLMs) generate explicit chains of thought that promise greater capability and transparency but also introduce new failure modes: models may reach correct answers via visually unfaithful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Rheeya Uppaal , Phu Mon Htut , Min Bai , Nikolaos Pappas , Zheng Qi , Sandesh Swamy

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that integrate visual and textual reasoning leverage chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to tackle complex visual tasks, yet continue to exhibit visual hallucinations and an over-reliance on textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jing Bi , Guangyu Sun , Ali Vosoughi , Chen Chen , Chenliang Xu

Fact verification is essential for ensuring the reliability of LLM applications. In this study, we evaluate 12 pre-trained LLMs and one specialized fact-verifier, including frontier LLMs and open-weight reasoning LLMs, using a collection of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Wooseok Seo , Seungju Han , Jaehun Jung , Benjamin Newman , Seungwon Lim , Seungbeen Lee , Ximing Lu , Yejin Choi , Youngjae Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased impressive reasoning capabilities, particularly when guided by specifically designed prompts in complex reasoning tasks such as math word problems. These models typically solve tasks using a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Lang Cao

Recent advancements in cognitive science and multi-round reasoning techniques for Large Language Models (LLMs) suggest that iterative thinking processes improve problem-solving performance in complex tasks. Inspired by this, approaches like…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Chenhui Xu , Dancheng Liu , Jiajie Li , Amir Nassereldine , Zhaohui Li , Jinjun Xiong

Analogical reasoning, particularly in multimodal contexts, is the foundation of human perception and creativity. Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) has recently sparked considerable discussion due to its emergent capabilities. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Diandian Guo , Cong Cao , Fangfang Yuan , Dakui Wang , Wei Ma , Yanbing Liu , Jianhui Fu

Large Language Models have rapidly advanced in their ability to interpret and generate natural language. In enterprise settings, they are frequently augmented with closed-source domain knowledge to deliver more contextually informed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Tanmay Agrawal

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit impressive performance across various visual tasks. Subsequent investigations into enhancing their visual reasoning abilities have significantly expanded their performance envelope. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yang Chen , Yufan Shen , Wenxuan Huang , Sheng Zhou , Qunshu Lin , Xinyu Cai , Zhi Yu , Jiajun Bu , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

Diagrams represent a form of visual language that encodes abstract concepts and relationships through structured symbols and their spatial arrangements. Unlike natural images, they are inherently symbolic, and entirely artificial. They thus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yanpeng Sun , Shan Zhang , Wei Tang , Aotian Chen , Piotr Koniusz , Kai Zou , Yuan Xue , Anton van den Hengel

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in complex visual understanding across scientific and reasoning tasks. While performance benchmarking has advanced our understanding of these capabilities, the critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Asif Azad , Mohammad Sadat Hossain , MD Sadik Hossain Shanto , M Saifur Rahman , Md Rizwan Parvez

Although demonstrating remarkable performance on reasoning tasks, Large Language Models (LLMs) still tend to fabricate unreliable responses when confronted with problems that are unsolvable or beyond their capability, severely undermining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Boyang Xue , Qi Zhu , Rui Wang , Sheng Wang , Hongru Wang , Minda Hu , Fei Mi , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have drawn significant attention due to their outstanding reasoning capabilities and extensive knowledge repository, positioning them as superior in handling various natural language processing tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Han Cao , Lingwei Wei , Mengyang Chen , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Fake news becomes a growing threat to information security and public opinion with the rapid sprawl of media manipulation. Therefore, fake news detection attracts widespread attention from academic community. Traditional fake news detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Ruihan Jin , Ruibo Fu , Zhengqi Wen , Shuai Zhang , Yukun Liu , Jianhua Tao

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various multi-modal tasks. Nevertheless, their performance in fine-grained image understanding tasks is still limited. To address this issue, this paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Shiyu Xuan , Qingpei Guo , Ming Yang , Shiliang Zhang

While the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in analytical tasks such as mathematics and code generation, their utility for abstractive summarization remains widely assumed but largely unverified. To bridge this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Haohan Yuan , Haopeng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in mathematical reasoning, particularly with text-based mathematical problems. However, current multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), especially those specialized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhen Yang , Jinhao Chen , Zhengxiao Du , Wenmeng Yu , Weihan Wang , Wenyi Hong , Zhihuan Jiang , Bin Xu , Jie Tang

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have incentivized models to ``think with images'' by actively invoking visual tools during multi-turn reasoning. The common Reinforcement Learning (RL) practice of relying on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Wenhao Yang , Yu Xia , Jinlong Huang , Shiyin Lu , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Yuchen Zhou , Xiaobo Xia , Yuanyu Wan , Lijun Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Although contemporary large language models (LMs) demonstrate impressive question-answering capabilities, their answers are typically the product of a single call to the model. This entails an unwelcome degree of opacity and compromises…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Antonia Creswell , Murray Shanahan

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated enhanced reasoning capabilities, evolving from Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting to advanced, product-oriented solutions like OpenAI o1. During our re-implementation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Hai-Long Sun , Zhun Sun , Houwen Peng , Han-Jia Ye

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) are trained on vast unlabeled data, rich in world knowledge. This fact has sparked the interest of the community in quantifying the amount of factual knowledge present in PLMs, as this explains their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Paul Youssef , Osman Alperen Koraş , Meijie Li , Jörg Schlötterer , Christin Seifert