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Current instruction data synthesis methods primarily focus on single-turn instructions and often neglect cross-turn coherence, resulting in context drift and reduced task completion rates in extended conversations. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Jiawei Chen , Xinyan Guan , Qianhao Yuan , Guozhao Mo , Weixiang Zhou , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Ben He , Le Sun , Xianpei Han

Recent work on question generation has largely focused on factoid questions such as who, what, where, when about basic facts. Generating open-ended why, how, what, etc. questions that require long-form answers have proven more difficult. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Justin Lewis , Smaranda Muresan

Story generation is a challenging task, which demands to maintain consistency of the plots and characters throughout the story. Previous works have shown that GPT2, a large-scale language model, has achieved good performance on story…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Wei Wang , Piji Li , Hai-Tao Zheng

Time plays a critical role in how information is generated, retrieved, and interpreted. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of Temporal Question Answering (TQA), a research area that focuses on answering questions involving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bhawna Piryani , Abdelrahman Abdallah , Jamshid Mozafari , Avishek Anand , Adam Jatowt

Synthetic data has been proposed as a solution to address the issue of high-quality data scarcity in the training of large language models (LLMs). Studies have shown that synthetic data can effectively improve the performance of LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Jie Chen , Yupeng Zhang , Bingning Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen , Weipeng Chen

Neural knowledge-grounded generative models for dialogue often produce content that is factually inconsistent with the knowledge they rely on, making them unreliable and limiting their applicability. Inspired by recent work on evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Or Honovich , Leshem Choshen , Roee Aharoni , Ella Neeman , Idan Szpektor , Omri Abend

Recent investigations into effective context lengths of modern flagship large language models (LLMs) have revealed major limitations in effective question answering (QA) and reasoning over long and complex contexts for even the largest and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anwesan Pal , Karen Hovsepian , Tinghao Guo , Mengnan Zhao , Somendra Tripathi , Nikos Kanakaris , George Mihaila , Sumit Nigam

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) based on large language models often falters on narrative documents with inherent temporal structures. Standard unstructured RAG methods rely solely on embedding-similarity matching and lack any general…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ze Yu Zhang , Zitao Li , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

When language models are trained on textual data, they acquire both knowledge about the structure of language as well as knowledge of facts about the world. At inference time, their knowledge of facts can be leveraged to solve interesting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 John Kirchenbauer , Janny Mongkolsupawan , Yuxin Wen , Tom Goldstein , Daphne Ippolito

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds Large Language Models (LLMs) in external knowledge but often suffers from flat context representations and stateless retrieval, leading to unstable performance. We propose Stateful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Qi Dong , Ziheng Lin , Ning Ding

Although humans engaged in face-to-face conversation simultaneously communicate both verbally and non-verbally, methods for joint and unified synthesis of speech audio and co-speech 3D gesture motion from text are a new and emerging field.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Shivam Mehta , Anna Deichler , Jim O'Regan , Birger Moëll , Jonas Beskow , Gustav Eje Henter , Simon Alexanderson

Synthesizing QA pairs with a question generator (QG) on the target domain has become a popular approach for domain adaptation of question answering (QA) models. Since synthetic questions are often noisy in practice, existing work adapts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Xiang Yue , Ziyu Yao , Huan Sun

When interacting with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based conversational agents, the users must carefully craft their queries to be understood correctly. Yet, understanding the system's capabilities can be challenging for the users,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Anuja Tayal , Aman Tyagi

Question Answering (QA) accounts for a significant portion of LLM usage "in the wild". However, LLMs sometimes produce false or misleading responses, also known as "hallucinations". Therefore, grounding the generated answers in contextually…

Context modeling plays a critical role in building multi-turn dialogue systems. Conversational Query Rewriting (CQR) aims to simplify the multi-turn dialogue modeling into a single-turn problem by explicitly rewriting the conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Hang Liu , Meng Chen , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He , Bowen Zhou

Incorporating specific knowledge into large language models via retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a widespread technique that fuels many of today's industry AI applications. A fundamental problem is to assess if the context retrieved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Florian Geissler , Francesco Carella , Laura Fieback , Jakob Spiegelberg

Conversational question answering (ConvQA) tackles sequential information needs where contexts in follow-up questions are left implicit. Current ConvQA systems operate over homogeneous sources of information: either a knowledge base (KB),…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Philipp Christmann , Rishiraj Saha Roy , Gerhard Weikum

Reading comprehension is a crucial skill in many aspects of education, including language learning, cognitive development, and fostering early literacy skills in children. Automated answer-aware reading comprehension question generation has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Nischal Ashok Kumar , Nigel Fernandez , Zichao Wang , Andrew Lan

Despite the recent progress in language generation models, their outputs may not always meet user expectations. In this work, we study whether informational feedback in natural language can be leveraged to improve generation quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yixin Liu , Budhaditya Deb , Milagro Teruel , Aaron Halfaker , Dragomir Radev , Ahmed H. Awadallah

We draw a formal connection between using synthetic training data to optimize neural network parameters and approximate, Bayesian, model-based reasoning. In particular, training a neural network using synthetic data can be viewed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Tuan Anh Le , Atilim Gunes Baydin , Robert Zinkov , Frank Wood