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The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) is pushing AI accelerators toward increasingly powerful and specialized designs. Instead of further complicating software development with deeply hierarchical scratchpad memories (SPMs) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Yuhang Gu , Wei Zhang

LLM inference is constrained by GPU memory capacity and bandwidth. Tiered memory architectures mitigate this by allowing the GPU to offload memory to the remote tier. However, existing memory offloading frameworks rely on prefetching data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shouxu Lin , Zhiyuan Guo , Jiaxin Lin

Recent advancements in deep learning have led to the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in applications such as computer vision and natural language processing. As neural networks become deeper and larger, AI modeling…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Eugene Tam , Shenfei Jiang , Paul Duan , Shawn Meng , Yue Pang , Cayden Huang , Yi Han , Jacke Xie , Yuanjun Cui , Jinsong Yu , Minggui Lu

Predictable execution time upon accessing shared memories in multi-core real-time systems is a stringent requirement. A plethora of existing works focus on the analysis of Double Data Rate Dynamic Random Access Memories (DDR DRAMs), or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Mohamed Hassan

The trend towards highly parallel multi-processing is ubiquitous in all modern computer architectures, ranging from handheld devices to large-scale HPC systems; yet many applications are struggling to fully utilise the multiple levels of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-07-19 Michael Lange , Gerard Gorman , Michele Weiland , Lawrence Mitchell , Xiaohu Guo , James Southern

In the area of Pattern Recognition and Matching, finding a Longest Common Subsequence plays an important role. In this paper, we have proposed one algorithm based on parallel computation. We have used OpenMP API package as middleware to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-06-20 Tirtharaj Dash , Tanistha Nayak

The rapid growth of large-language models (LLMs) is driving a new wave of specialized hardware for inference. This paper presents the first workload-centric, cross-architectural performance study of commercial AI accelerators, spanning…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Amit Sharma

As LLM agents evolve into collaborative multi-agent systems, their memory requirements grow rapidly in complexity. This position paper frames multi-agent memory as a computer architecture problem. We distinguish shared and distributed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zhongming Yu , Naicheng Yu , Hejia Zhang , Wentao Ni , Mingrui Yin , Jiaying Yang , Yujie Zhao , Jishen Zhao

Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) enhance the capabilities of standalone LLMs by integrating external data sources through API calls. In interactive LLM applications, efficient scheduling is crucial for maintaining low request…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Rana Shahout , Cong Liang , Shiji Xin , Qianru Lao , Yong Cui , Minlan Yu , Michael Mitzenmacher

The present von Neumann computing paradigm involves a significant amount of information transfer between a central processing unit (CPU) and memory, with concomitant limitations in the actual execution speed. However, it has been recently…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2014-07-03 Fabio Lorenzo Traversa , Fabrizio Bonani , Yuriy V. Pershin , Massimiliano Di Ventra

Today's systems are overwhelmingly designed to move data to computation. This design choice goes directly against at least three key trends in systems that cause performance, scalability and energy bottlenecks: (1) data access from memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Onur Mutlu , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Rachata Ausavarungnirun

The explosive arrival of OpenAI's ChatGPT has fueled the globalization of large language model (LLM), which consists of billions of pretrained parameters that embodies the aspects of syntax and semantics. HyperAccel introduces latency…

While frontier large language models (LLMs) are capable tool-using agents, current AI systems still operate in a strict turn-based fashion, oblivious to passage of time. This synchronous design forces user queries and tool-use to occur…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Antonio A. Ginart , Naveen Kodali , Jason Lee , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , John Emmons

As the artificial intelligence community advances into the era of large models with billions of parameters, distributed training and inference have become essential. While various parallelism strategies-data, model, sequence, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Ruifeng She , Bowen Pang , Kai Li , Zehua Liu , Tao Zhong

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) towards long-context reasoning and sparse architectures has pushed memory requirements far beyond the capacity of individual device HBM. While emerging supernode architectures offer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Fangxin Liu , Qinghua Zhang , Hanjing Shen , Zhibo Liang , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan , Chong Bao , Xuefeng Jin

Multi-socket multi-core servers are used for solving some of the important problems in computing. Remote DRAM accesses can impact performance of certain applications running on such servers. This paper presents a new near linear operating…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Suryanarayana Murthy Durbhakula

Recent trends in business and technology (e.g., machine learning, social network analysis) benefit from storing and processing growing amounts of graph-structured data in databases and data science platforms. FPGAs as accelerators for graph…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Jonas Dann , Daniel Ritter , Holger Fröning

Developing an efficient code for large, multiscale astrophysical simulations is crucial in preparing the upcoming era of exascale computing. RAMSES is an astrophysical simulation code that employs parallel processing based on the Message…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-25 San Han , Yohan Dubois , Jaehyun Lee , Juhan Kim , Corentin Cadiou , Sukyoung K. Yi

Leveraging recent advances on mobile edge computing (MEC), edge intelligence has emerged as a promising paradigm to support mobile artificial intelligence (AI) applications at the network edge. In this paper, we consider the AI service…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Zehong Lin , Suzhi Bi , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

As machine learning algorithms are shown to be an increasingly valuable tool, the demand for their access has grown accordingly. Oftentimes, it is infeasible to run inference with larger models without an accelerator, which may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Spencer Banasik