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Speech deepfakes are artificial voices generated by machine learning models. Previous literature has highlighted deepfakes as one of the biggest security threats arising from progress in artificial intelligence due to their potential for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Kimberly T. Mai , Sergi D. Bray , Toby Davies , Lewis D. Griffin

Thanks to advancements in deep learning, speech generation systems now power a variety of real-world applications, such as text-to-speech for individuals with speech disorders, voice chatbots in call centers, cross-linguistic speech…

The recent integration of generative neural strategies and audio processing techniques have fostered the widespread of synthetic speech synthesis or transformation algorithms. This capability proves to be harmful in many legal and…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Daniele Mari , Federica Latora , Simone Milani

Recent advances in artificial speech and audio technologies have improved the abilities of deep-fake operators to falsify media and spread malicious misinformation. Anyone with limited coding skills can use freely available speech synthesis…

Recent advances in deep learning and computer vision have made the synthesis and counterfeiting of multimedia content more accessible than ever, leading to possible threats and dangers from malicious users. In the audio field, we are…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Daniele Mari , Davide Salvi , Paolo Bestagini , Simone Milani

Current synthetic speech detection (SSD) methods perform well on certain datasets but still face issues of robustness and interpretability. A possible reason is that these methods do not analyze the deficiencies of synthetic speech. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Yuxiang Zhang , Zhuo Li , Jingze Lu , Wenchao Wang , Pengyuan Zhang

Digital technology has made possible unimaginable applications come true. It seems exciting to have a handful of tools for easy editing and manipulation, but it raises alarming concerns that can propagate as speech clones, duplicates, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Arun Kumar Singh , Priyanka Singh

Recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) systems, particularly those with voice cloning capabilities, have made voice impersonation readily accessible, raising ethical and legal concerns due to potential misuse for malicious activities like…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Hongbin Liu , Youzheng Chen , Arun Narayanan , Athula Balachandran , Pedro J. Moreno , Lun Wang

Human voices can be used to authenticate the identity of the speaker, but the automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are vulnerable to voice spoofing attacks, such as impersonation, replay, text-to-speech, and voice conversion.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 You Zhang , Fei Jiang , Zhiyao Duan

Deepfake speech utterances can be forged by replacing one or more words in a bona fide utterance with semantically different words synthesized with speech-generative models. While a dedicated synthetic word detector could be developed, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Hoan My Tran , Xin Wang , Wanying Ge , Xuechen Liu , Junichi Yamagishi

The growing sophistication of speech generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) has introduced new challenges in audio deepfake detection. Text-to-speech (TTS) and voice conversion (VC) technologies can create highly convincing synthetic…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Vamshi Nallaguntla , Aishwarya Fursule , Shruti Kshirsagar , Anderson R. Avila

Speaker verification (SV) systems are currently being used to make sensitive decisions like giving access to bank accounts or deciding whether the voice of a suspect coincides with that of the perpetrator of a crime. Ensuring that these…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Mariel Estevez , Luciana Ferrer

Large Language Models and commercial speech synthesis systems now enable highly realistic AI-generated voice scams (vishing), raising urgent concerns about deception at scale. Yet it remains unclear whether individuals can reliably…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zoha Hayat Bhatti , Bakhtawar Ahtisham , Seemal Tausif , Niklas George , Nida ul Habib Bajwa , Mobin Javed

With the recent advances in voice synthesis, AI-synthesized fake voices are indistinguishable to human ears and widely are applied to produce realistic and natural DeepFakes, exhibiting real threats to our society. However, effective and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Run Wang , Felix Juefei-Xu , Yihao Huang , Qing Guo , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Yang Liu

Bias analysis for synthetic face detection is bound to become a critical topic in the coming years. Although many detection models have been developed and several datasets have been released to reliably identify synthetic content, one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Asmae Lamsaf , Lucia Cascone , Hugo Proença , João Neves

We propose an experimental method for measuring bias in face recognition systems. Existing methods to measure bias depend on benchmark datasets that are collected in the wild and annotated for protected (e.g., race, gender) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Hao Liang , Pietro Perona , Guha Balakrishnan

Speech synthesis methods can create realistic-sounding speech, which may be used for fraud, spoofing, and misinformation campaigns. Forensic methods that detect synthesized speech are important for protection against such attacks. Forensic…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Emily R. Bartusiak , Edward J. Delp

Recent advances in Text-to-Speech (TTS) and Voice-Conversion (VC) using generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have made it possible to generate high-quality and realistic human-like audio. This poses growing challenges in…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xiang Li , Pin-Yu Chen , Wenqi Wei

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) techniques have become powerful tools, enhancing efficiency in law enforcement scenarios. To ensure fairness for demographic groups in different acoustic environments, ASR engines must be tested across a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-30 Yicheng Wang , Mark Cusick , Mohamed Laila , Kate Puech , Zhengping Ji , Xia Hu , Michael Wilson , Noah Spitzer-Williams , Bryan Wheeler , Yasser Ibrahim

Recent advances in text-to-speech technologies have enabled realistic voice generation, fueling audio-based deepfake attacks such as fraud and impersonation. While audio anti-spoofing systems are critical for detecting such threats, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Binh Nguyen , Shuji Shi , Ryan Ofman , Thai Le