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Many networks of interest in the sciences, including a variety of social and biological networks, are found to divide naturally into communities or modules. The problem of detecting and characterizing this community structure has attracted…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 M. E. J. Newman

Methods for detecting community structure in networks typically aim to identify a single best partition of network nodes into communities, often by optimizing some objective function, but in real-world applications there may be many…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Alec Kirkley , M. E. J. Newman

A new method for identifying communities in networks is proposed. Reference nodes, either selected using a priory information about the network or according to relevant node measurements, are obtained so as to indicate putative communities.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Paulo J. P. de Souza , Cesar H. Comin , Luciano da F. Costa

Various modularity matrices appeared in the recent literature on network analysis and algebraic graph theory. Their purpose is to allow writing as quadratic forms certain combinatorial functions appearing in the framework of graph…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-05 Dario Fasino , Francesco Tudisco

Many real-world networks, including nervous systems, exhibit meso-scale structure. This means that their elements can be grouped into meaningful sub-networks. In general, these sub-networks are unknown ahead of time and must be "discovered"…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-16 Richard F. Betzel

There are good arguments to support the claim that deep neural networks (DNNs) capture better feature representations than the previous hand-crafted feature engineering, which leads to a significant performance improvement. In this paper,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Yao Lu , Wen Yang , Yunzhe Zhang , Zuohui Chen , Jinyin Chen , Qi Xuan , Zhen Wang , Xiaoniu Yang

Complex networks are a powerful paradigm to model complex systems. Specific network models, e.g., multilayer networks, temporal networks, and signed networks, enrich the standard network representation with additional information to better…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Edoardo Galimberti

The study of complex networks has significantly advanced our understanding of community structures which serves as a crucial feature of real-world graphs. Detecting communities in graphs is a challenging problem with applications in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Jiakang Li , Songning Lai , Zhihao Shuai , Yuan Tan , Yifan Jia , Mianyang Yu , Zichen Song , Xiaokang Peng , Ziyang Xu , Yongxin Ni , Haifeng Qiu , Jiayu Yang , Yutong Liu , Yonggang Lu

We focus on the detection of communities in multi-scale networks, namely networks made of different levels of organization and in which modules exist at different scales. It is first shown that methods based on modularity are not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-09-14 Renaud Lambiotte

Many complex networks display a mesoscopic structure with groups of nodes sharing many links with the other nodes in their group and comparatively few with nodes of different groups. This feature is known as community structure and encodes…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-07-31 Andrea Lancichinetti , Santo Fortunato

This paper revisits the classical concept of network modularity and its spectral relaxations used throughout graph data analysis. We formulate and study several modularity statistic variants for which we establish asymptotic distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-26 Anirban Mitra , Konasale Prasad , Joshua Cape

Layered neural networks have greatly improved the performance of various applications including image processing, speech recognition, natural language processing, and bioinformatics. However, it is still difficult to discover or interpret…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-05 Chihiro Watanabe , Kaoru Hiramatsu , Kunio Kashino

Networks (or graphs) appear as dominant structures in diverse domains, including sociology, biology, neuroscience and computer science. In most of the aforementioned cases graphs are directed - in the sense that there is directionality on…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Fragkiskos D. Malliaros , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Several algorithms have been proposed to compute partitions of networks into communities that score high on a graph clustering index called modularity. While publications on these algorithms typically contain experimental evaluations to…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 U. Brandes , D. Delling , M. Gaertler , R. Goerke , M. Hoefer , Z. Nikoloski , D. Wagner

A basic question in network community detection is how modular a given network is. This is usually addressed by evaluating the quality of partitions detected in the network. The Girvan-Newman (GN) modularity function is the standard way to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-25 Filipi N. Silva , Aiiad Albeshri , Vijey Thayananthan , Wadee Alhalabi , Santo Fortunato

Many complex networks show signs of modular structure, uncovered by community detection. Although many methods succeed in revealing various partitions, it remains difficult to detect at what scale some partition is significant. This problem…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-10-15 V. A. Traag , G. Krings , P. Van Dooren

The detection of community structure is probably one of the hottest trends in complex network research as it reveals the internal organization of people, molecules or processes behind social, biological or computer networks\dots The issue…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Franck Delaplace

Discovering and characterizing the large-scale topological features in empirical networks are crucial steps in understanding how complex systems function. However, most existing methods used to obtain the modular structure of networks…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-03-26 Tiago P. Peixoto

Any network studied in the literature is inevitably just a sampled representative of its real-world analogue. Additionally, network sampling is lately often applied to large networks to allow for their faster and more efficient analysis.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Neli Blagus , Lovro Šubelj , Gregor Weiss , Marko Bajec

Much effort has gone into understanding the modular nature of complex networks. Communities, also known as clusters or modules, are typically considered to be densely interconnected groups of nodes that are only sparsely connected to other…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-06-26 James P. Bagrow